Scientists use both; but normally mass is used somewhat more than weight.
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The mass is less than 1 kg.
A larger block will weigh more, a smaller block will weigh less. Also, kilograms is a unit of mass, not of weight.
They are not the same, because they are completely different concepts. They are more or less proportional - a mass of one kilogram will have a weight of approximately 9.8 Newton - because the gravity is more or less the same on different parts of the Earth: whether you are at the North Pole, or the Equator, the distance from the center of the Earth won't change much.
No. The relationship is: weight = mass x gravity Mass causes both weight, and inertia. Weight is the force of attraction by gravity, and also depends on the gravitational field, not just on the mass. For more information, check the Wikipedia article "Mass versus weight".
The mass of a potato is certainly more than 5 g and definitely less than 5 kg.