With the exception of zero, which is neither positive nor negative, every real number is either plus or minus. With positive number, the + sign is often implied and therefore is not always written [example: 3 and +3 both mean positive three]
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A real number is any number between minus and plus infinity, or it is not an imaginary number.
It is an axiom necessary for the real numbers to form a field.
there is no real square root of a minus number (think about it, minus x minus = plus, plus x plus=plus, and you can't have a minus x plus if it's a square root). However, there is an imaginary root which is "1/2i", where "i" represents the square root of -1. This number doesn't actually "exist" as such, it is just a theory which makes doing maths easier. However if you're not familiar with the concept of "i", you're probably not meant to end up with a minus square root (anything below A level further maths you don't usually need "i") . Check your calculations again.
No, nor is it a real number. The square root of minus 54 is equal to the square root of plus 45, times i.
Yes every irrational and rational number is a real number.