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First off, since 48 is even, you know that it's divisible by 2. Indeed, 48/2 = 24. 24 is also even, and so is also divisible by 2; 24/2 = 12. The same goes for 12; 12/2 = 6, and also for 6; 6/2 = 3, which is a Prime number. Since all of our factors are now either 2 or 3, both of which are prime, we're done. Because we divided by 2, 4 separate times, there are four multiples of 2, as well as one multiple of 3, in the prime factorization of 48, which would usually be written as 24 X 3.

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Q: Find the prime factorization of the number 48?
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