They are a simple measure of the spread of the data, which is not affected by extreme values.
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The interquartile range can be more useful when the first and fourth quartiles contain very little data, in other words there are only a very few high or low data points.
It is a simple but crude measure of the spread of data.
Outliers
Quartiles.
Quartiles are values that divide a sample of data into four groups containing the same number of observations. You will find details in the related link.