R, the correlation coefficient is a statistical measure which ranges between -1 and 1. There are no hard and fast rules about the strength but, as professional statistician, I used 0.25 and 0.75 as thresholds.
-1 < R < -0.75 : strong negative relation
-0.75 < R < -0.25 : moderate negative relation
-0.25 < R < 0.25 : small; negative or positive as indicated by sign of R
0.25 < R < 0.75 : moderate positive relation
0.75 < R < 1 : strong positive relation.
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strength
A road sign, perhaps! Other possibilities are the sun or stars.
Words can give the strength needed sometimes- the Bible does it for many every day
Flowchart in maths is made with the help of arrows which represents the direction and shapes like diamond,oval and rectangles.
Not all univariate data will be normally distributed. Graphing the data will help you determine if you got the kind of distribution you were expecting, and if not, what kinds of tests will be appropriate for what you got. A strange distribution when you had reason to expect, say, a normal distribution would help you uncover possible problems with data collection.