They are not.
A vertical line is not a function so all linear equations are not functions. And all functions are not linear equations.
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Linear equations are a small minority of functions.
Most functions are not like linear equations.
They are not.
A linear equation is a specific type of function that represents a straight line on a graph. While all linear equations are functions, not all functions are linear equations. Functions can take many forms, including non-linear ones that do not result in a straight line on a graph. Linear equations, on the other hand, follow a specific form (y = mx + b) where the x variable has a coefficient and the equation represents a straight line.
Functions and linear equations are the same in that they both deal with x and y coordinates and points on a graph but have differences in limitations, appearance and purpose. Often, functions give you the value of either x or y, but linear equations ask to solve for both x and y.