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Q: How are stepchildren calculated in a per stirpes distribution?
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How should a per stirpes clause be worded in your will?

Per Stirpes - is a legal term in Latin. An estate of a decedent is distributed per stirpes, if each branch of the family is to receive an equal share of an estate. When the heir in the first generation of a branch predeceased the decedent, the share that would have been given to the heir would be distributed among the heir's issue in equal shares. It may also be known as right of representation distribution, and differs from distribution per capita as members of the same generation may inherit different amounts.


What is per stripes?

Per stirpes (pronounced /pɝː ˈstɝːpiːz/ "by branch") is a legal term in Latin. An estate of a decedent is distributed per stirpes, if each branch of the family is to receive an equal share of an estate. When the heir in the first generation of a branch predeceased the decedent, the share that would have been given to the heir would be distributed among the heir's issues in equal shares. It may also be known as right of representation distribution, and differs from distribution per capitaas members of the same generation may inherit different amounts.


How is per stirpes used in a will?

An estate of a decedent is distributed per stirpes if each branch of the family is to receive an equal share of an estate


What is the opposite of per stirpes?

Per capita is generally held to be the opposite of per stirpes. Both are terms most commonly used in reference to the division of an estate. Per stirpes is more commonly used in estate planning since the share of a deceased beneficiary would pass to their issue, if any.Per capita means "by the head count"; in a per capita distribution each living heir in the group receives an equal share in the estate. For example, if parent left an estate to three children per capita and each survived, each would receive one-third. If one of the three was deceased at the time of death of the testator the remaining two would each take one-half. In a per capita distribution a share isn't created for a deceased member.Per stirpes means "by branch". In a per stirpesdistribution the three children above would each take one-third. Now suppose again that one had predeceased the testator. If that child had children, those children would take the deceased parent's one third share equally. In a per stirpes distribution a share is created for a deceased member if they have issue (children).


Is per stirpes only blood relatives?

yes


Are spouses entitled to per stirpes distributions?

No. Think of 'per stirpes' distribution as distribution that follows a branch of a family by descent. For example, suppose William died and by the terms of his will William's estate was to be distributed in equal shares to his three daughters, Mary, Judith and Sarah 'per stirpes".Mary received one-third. Judith received one-third. Sarah predeceased her father and left two living daughters, Paula & Janet. One other daughter, Samantha, had predeceased her mother (Sarah). Samantha left two sons, Sean and Patrick.Sarah's one-third would be evenly divided between her three daughters: Paula, Janet and Samantha. Samantha's share would be evenly divided between her two sons: Sean and Patrick.Although the formula may vary in different jurisdictions (some will divide the estate equally among all the living 'per stirpes' descendents) , no spouses would be included in the distribution.


What is Per stirpes with regard to life estates?

That means a testator granted a life estate and when the life estate holder does the property is to be distributed per stirpes to the descendants of the testator.See related question for definition of per stirpes.


What is meant by per stirpes?

Per stirpes is Latin for 'by branch.' It is used in wills to indicate that testimentary gifts are to be divided by family branch, not number of individuals. It is usually done where one of the first listed beneficiaries has died and their share is to be divided between their descendants.


What if your step brother is gay and had no children He is an hier to an estate and the will says per stirpes you understand how per stirpes But can he will his portion to an outsider non family membe?

First of all, it would depend on the laws of the state. Secondly, being gay has no bearing on this situation. There was no reason to include that in the question.


What are the terms for the two ways in which the testator can distribute the estate among the lineal descendants?

The two terms are per stirpes and per capita. Per stirpes means the estate is divided among branches of the family based on equal shares per branch, while per capita means the estate is divided equally among all lineal descendants regardless of their branch in the family tree.


What does right of representation mean in a trust?

Briefly, under trust and estate distribution "right of representation" means that the child of a predeceased heir takes their portion. It is also called "per stirpes". An alternate scheme of distribution is "per capita", or, where all the heirs take as a class. For example, if an estate or trust property was devised to 4 children "per stirpes" and one child was deceased then their children or heirs would take their 1/4 share. If the same estate was devised to 4 children "per capita" and one child was deceased then their siblings would take their share and the estate would be divided into 1/3 portions. There are variations under circumstances other than wills and trusts, for example, state laws of intestacy.


What does by right of representation mean in a trust?

Briefly, under trust and estate distribution "right of representation" means that the child of a predeceased heir takes their portion. It is also called "per stirpes". An alternate scheme of distribution is "per capita", or, where all the heirs take as a class. For example, if an estate or trust property was devised to 4 children "per stirpes" and one child was deceased then their children or heirs would take their 1/4 share. If the same estate was devised to 4 children "per capita" and one child was deceased then their siblings would take their share and the estate would be divided into 1/3 portions. There are variations under circumstances other than wills and trusts, for example, state laws of intestacy.