The larger the sample, the lower the % error.. so to reduce a % error, increase your sample size.
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the equipment error is the percentage of uncertainty on the equipment, so for example, a measuring cylinder has the percentage error of around 0.5cm3. The only way I know off to reduce error percentage is to well increase sample size/ volume A etc. as the calculation is something like (equipment error / quantity measured x 100) this would mean that having a higher quantity to measure will therefore decrease percentage error. hope it helps.
Systematic error is the result of complete equilibrium. The method to reduce systematic error is to introduce a proof that demonstrates the group has error in their consensus.
how to reduce the problem of random error and systematic error while doing an experiment
take reading 4 to 5 times, and take its average this will reduce error
Look on the equipment for where it says the plus or minus figure for accuracy (for a burette it is usually + and _ 0.1cm3) divide this by the amount you measured , times 100 to make it a percentage. ---- ---- Percentage Error = Maximum Error / Measured Value X 100 For example.Maximum Error for the following apparatus are:Balance = +/- 0.01Pippette = +/- 0.1 And the Measured value for each are:Balance = 0.15Pippette = 25 Then...the percentage error is:Balance percentage error = 0.01 / 0.15 X 100 = 66.66%Pippette percentage error = 0.1 / 25 X 100 = 0.3% You can now also work out your maximum total error.Maximum total Percentage error = Balance Percentage error + Pippette Percentage errorMaximum total percentage error = 66.66 + 0.4 = 67.06%