To test their hypothesis Czarnowski and Triantafyllou used the Scientific Method.
Also since i mentioned if you are wondering the steps of the Scientific Method are:
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You use a z test when you are testing a hypothesis that is using proportions You use a t test when you are testing a hypothesis that is using means
You first decide on a null hypothesis. Expected frequencies are calculated on the basis of the null hypothesis, that is, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.
An experiment
The hypothesis test.
scientists test their hypothesis buy making observations or doing research