You can usually make valid transformations in one of the expressions until you get the other expression. A "valid transformation" in this context means one that doesn't change the value of the expression.
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You can check for a few numbers, to see whether they give you the same result. This quick check can save you lots of work in the following step, in the case of complicated expressions: if, when replacing by some number, the two expressions are NOT equal, then of course they are not equivalent.However, the variables can usually have infinitely many values (Boolean algebra is an exception), in which case the only way to prove that two expressions are equivalent - meaning, equal for ALL values of the variable or variables - is to try to do some equivalence transformation to one expression, to convert it to the other expression.
A variable raised to a power:i.e., X2 is not equal to 2X...you can prove it by substituting a number for X...if you choose X=1, then 12 = 1 & 21 = 2, which are not equal obviously.
The square root of 2 is 1.141..... is an irrational number
A will always be an odd number.
Because 3 is a prime number and as such its square root is irrational