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The exponential function, logarithms or trigonometric functions are functions whereas a complex variable is an element of the complex field. Each one of the functions can be defined for a complex variable.
Usually, but not always: it depends on the domains and codomains.Any function that is many-to-one (for example all even powers, all trigonometric functions) have an inverse operation that is defined over a restricted domain. They will, therefore, return the principal value but not necessarily the original value.A couple of simple example, using the square and square root functions:(-2) squared = 4butsqrt(4) = +2, not -2.sin(150°) = 0.5butsin-1(0.5) = 30°It is, of course, possible to define the sqrt function so that it returns the negative root, but then it will not return the positive one.
There are multiple rules of differentiation in calculus, and each one works best in a different situation. For example, there is the product rule, quotient rule, and power rule. These work well for polynomial functions. Trigonometric functions are differentiated in their own way. Derivatives of exponential functions (for example, 7^x), are sometimes calculated by first taking the natural log of both sides of the equation y=7^x. Piecewise functions can contain multiple types of expressions, and accordingly each piece can be differentiated using a different rule. Hope this helps!
If two functions are the inverse of each other, they reverse or undo what the other function does. To give the simplest example, addition and subtraction are inverse functions, so that if you start with 7 and add 3 you get 10, and then if you subtract 3 you are back to 7, which is what you started with, so the subtraction reverses the effect of the addtion (if you subtract the same amount, which in this example was 3).
Inverse oprations. Here are some examples (with some values excluded where one or the other operation is not defined or where one of the functions is not uniquely defined): Addition and subtraction are inverses of each other, Multiplication and division are inverses of each other, Exponentiation and logariths are mutual inverses, Trigonometric functions and their arc equivalents are mutual inverses, Clockwise rotation and anticlockwise rotation are mutual inverses. Squaring (a non-negative number) and the principal square-root of a non-negative number.