by multiplying the whole number by one like below:
E.g. 4+ 2/4 = 4*(4/4) + 2/4 = 16/4 + 2/4 = (16+2)/4 = 18/4 = 9/2
4/4 = 1
You write it as 4/4 so that the whole number and the fraction have a common denominator (the number on the bottom). Once both numbers have the same denominator you can add the numerators (the numbers on the top) and divide it by the common denominator.
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multiply the denominator by the whole number then add the numerator and you have an improper fraction
Anytime you add a fraction to a whole number, you say the whole number, the word "and", and the fraction. 9 + 1/3 = 9 1/3
To convert a mixed number to an improper fraction, multiply the denominator by the whole number, add that total to the numerator and put the whole thing over the original denominator.
multiply the denominator by the whole number, then add the numerator. then simplify the fraction as usual
You can make any whole number into a fraction by putting it over 1.