The correct formula is: 1.5 x (N-1) +1 where N is the score on a 7 point scale.
The correct formula is: 1.5 x (N-1) +1 where N is the score on a 7 point scale.
If you are considering a single ordinal variable, determining the mode or median would be meaningful, but the mean or SD would not. Many researchers do consider likert-scale data to possess only ordinal qualities. However, leading research studies, for example in the marketing area, obtain measures such as means and standard deviations from likert-scale data. Indeed leading textbooks also follow this approach. One concern has been that the 'distances' between points on a likert scale are not equal, for example the 'distance' or 'difference' between a strongly disagree and disagree is not the same as the difference between disagree and neutral. A recent study discusses these issues, as well as demonstrating that data obtained from 5-point, 7-point and 10-point likert scales are approximately comparable in terms of mean score (once re-scaled) and various measures of variation and data shape. The study reference is Dawes, John "Do Data Characteristics Change According to the Number of Scale Points Used ? An Experiment using 5-point, 7-point and 10-point Scales" International Journal of Market Research, Vol 50 2008.
7 over 10 or 7/10
7 _ 10
7 * 9.5
The correct formula is: 1.5 x (N-1) +1 where N is the score on a 7 point scale.
To convert a 7-point Likert scale to a 5-point scale, you can combine adjacent response options. For instance, you can merge the first two options of the 7-point scale into the lowest option of the 5-point scale, the middle option can remain the same, and the last two options of the 7-point scale can be combined into the highest option of the 5-point scale. This way, responses are grouped to fit the 5-point scale while maintaining the overall sentiment. It's important to ensure that the new scale preserves the original intent and variability of responses.
You can readily convert data from a 5-point scale to a 10-point equivalent. The process is basically to anchor the end points of the scale you want to convert to the 10-point. So 1 stays as 1, 5 becomes 10. The points in between are converted like this: 2 becomes 3.25; 3 becomes 5.5; 4 becomes 7.75. Note that this assumes the data are "equal interval" (e.g. the distance between 1 and 2 is the same as between 2 and 3 on the scale). Many researchers are leery of this assumption but the leading texts on marketing research assume equal interval data for Likert-based data. A recent study in the International Journal of Market Research reported on an experiment where three groups of respondents gave answers on either a 5-point, 7-point or 10-point scale. After this re-scaling procedure, the three scales gave almost identical results. The study reference is: Dawes, John "Do Data Characteristics Change according to the Number of Scale Points Used ? An experiment using 5-point, 7-point and 10-point scales". International Journal of Market Research, Vol 50, 1, 2008.
To convert a score from a 7-point scale to a 10-point scale, you can use the formula: ( \text{New Score} = \left( \frac{\text{Old Score} - 1}{6} \right) \times 9 + 1 ). This formula first normalizes the 7-point score to a 0-1 range, then scales it to a 0-9 range, and finally shifts it to a 1-10 range. For example, a score of 4 on the 7-point scale would convert to approximately 6.5 on the 10-point scale.
If you are considering a single ordinal variable, determining the mode or median would be meaningful, but the mean or SD would not. Many researchers do consider likert-scale data to possess only ordinal qualities. However, leading research studies, for example in the marketing area, obtain measures such as means and standard deviations from likert-scale data. Indeed leading textbooks also follow this approach. One concern has been that the 'distances' between points on a likert scale are not equal, for example the 'distance' or 'difference' between a strongly disagree and disagree is not the same as the difference between disagree and neutral. A recent study discusses these issues, as well as demonstrating that data obtained from 5-point, 7-point and 10-point likert scales are approximately comparable in terms of mean score (once re-scaled) and various measures of variation and data shape. The study reference is Dawes, John "Do Data Characteristics Change According to the Number of Scale Points Used ? An Experiment using 5-point, 7-point and 10-point Scales" International Journal of Market Research, Vol 50 2008.
To convert 0.7 into a fraction, place the 7 over 10 (0.7 is 7 tenths). It is 7/10.
To convert a 10-point scale to a 5-point scale, you can simply divide the 10-point score by 2. For example, a score of 8 out of 10 would convert to a score of 4 out of 5. Alternatively, you can use a mapping system, where scores are grouped (e.g., 1-2 = 1, 3-4 = 2, 5-6 = 3, 7-8 = 4, 9-10 = 5). This ensures a clear and consistent conversion between the two scales.
7 over 10 or 7/10
7 _ 10
7 * 9.5
1.25*107
Many researchers believe you should only report the results for individual likert items using the proportion of responses for each scale point. For example, 17% strongly agreed, 32% agreed, 10% neither agreed or disagreed and so on. The reason they say this is that likert data is not "equal interval" - the difference between strongly agree and agree is not the same as the difference between neutral and agree, for example. The data is said to be ordinal, not metric. However, this is actually not so much of an issue. Several research studies show have calculated the numerical difference between Likert-type scale points and showed they are very, very close to "equal interval". References for this are given in this paper: Dawes, John. "Do Data Characteristics Change According to the Number of Scale Points Used - an Experiment using 5-point, 7-point and 10-point scales", International Journal of Market Research Vol 50, no 1, 2008. In fact the data used for this experiment is available on the web, go to www.johndawes.com.au and click on "free data".