If the stone is a crystal, such as Diamond, you tap with a punch and hammer carefully along "cleavage lines". If Amorphous, and thin, a very high pressure/speed stream of water, containing very hard abrasive particles is slowly moved across the surface, producind a beautifully cut face. If Amorphous and thick, an abrasive blade (or band) is run against the stone. This depends on the material, the abrasive, and the desired surface. Small synthetic diamonds are frequently used for their ability to cut all other stones.
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Diamonds are measured by:clarity -- flawless or flawed with many degrees of flawed;carat -- the weight of the stone;cut -- the excellence of faceting and the shape of the 'cut';colour -- the lack of colour or degree of colour visible in the stone.
No, there is not. When you cut a shape with only one cut, you are creating two parts. In order to make four parts (no matter what the shape is), you would need to make two cuts.
if you have a shape and you cut one end off and move it over to the opposite side across form it will the perimeter be the same as before you cut the shape or will it be different?
A circle.
Im not to sure if I get what you mean by this but i think that you mean that what shape can be cut in half evenly? If this is the case then it is any shape really unless it is irregular.