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Whether you frame your alternative hypothesis, Ha, as one-sided (directional) or two-sided (non-directional) is really up to you, but should be decided before you look at the data. It will affect the calculation of your p-value and ultimately your conclusions from the test. In most cases there will be a sound, obvious reason for choosing one or the other.
For example, if you were testing the effectiveness of a new anti-cholesterol drug you'd probably only be interested in testing whether the average of the experimental group was lower than the control group. So Ha is directional, or one sided. If on the other hand you were testing, for example, whether a Group A performed better on a test than Group B, your Ha would be that the average of Group A does not equal Group B. That is, you're not sure, before you run the test, whether Group A should perform better or worse than Group B. So your test is non-directional, or two-sided.
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Does null hypothesis determine whether p value for non directional or directional testing on hypothesis should be used?
A null hypothesis is simply a postulate or, put another way, a possible statement of fact. It is a claim about something that might be accepted as true that is to be tested.It does not determine in any way what decision method should be used to test whether it should be accepted. Therefore, it does not determine any aspect of the decision method that is used such as p value.In general there are many rational ways of testing one hypothesis against another. Some of these ways will have better statistical properties than others; some might be cheaper or more convenient to perform. But none would be determined by the pair of hypotheses.
What formula is used to determine the traffic volume count at a location at a given point in time?
It is the sum of the incomic traffic less the sum of the outgoing traffic, therefore:Traffic = Sum (directional Incoming Traffic i.e. east, west, south, north) - Sum (directional Outgoing Traffic i.e. east, west, south, north)
Differences between descriptive and inferential statistics?
All statistical tests are part of Inferential analysis; there are no tests conducted in Descriptive analysis · Descriptive analysis- describes the sample's characteristics using… o Metric- ex. sample mean, standard deviation or variance o Non-metric variables- ex. median, mode, frequencies & elaborate on zero-order relationships o Use Excel to help determine these sample characteristics · Inferential Analysis- draws conclusions about population o Types of errors o Issues related to null and alternate hypotheses o Steps in the Hypothesis Testing Procedure o Specific statistical tests
How many statistical tests do you have?
Hundreds, if not more. For a given set of data, you calculate a statistic. Select a null and alternative hypotheses. These may include the kind of distribution as well as parameters about its location and spread (mean and variance). Determine the probability distribution function (pdf) of that statistic when the null hypothesis is true. Decide on the significance level that you wish to use. Determine values of the statistic such that the probability of observing a value at least as extreme is less than the significance level. You have a test. There are almost no constraints on the distribution that you select at the second stage and so, provided you can determine the pdf of the test statistic under your assumptions, there are no limits to the number of tests you can devise.
Do 3 points determine a line?
2 points determine a line.
