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A pictogram
It is called a pictogram.
A pictogram is used to compare data by pictorial images rather than lines on a graph grid
The minimum requirement are data and a key (or legend). No axes are required if the graph is a pictogram.
Almost any kind of graph can be used to show discrete data: You can use a line graph (most economic data), a bar graph (demographics), a pictogram, a pie chart, a scatter plot, radar. Although 3-d charts can also be used, they are very poor at conveying information because of the difficulty in interpreting depth.