Write the number you want to factor at the top of the page. Think of a number that goes into it. Write that number and its pair under the first number. If any of the numbers are prime, leave them alone. If they're composite, keep going in this fashion until all of the numbers are prime.
All composite numbers can be expressed as unique products of prime numbers. This is accomplished by dividing the original number and its factors by prime numbers until all the factors are prime. A factor tree can help you visualize this.
Example: 210
210 Divide by two.
105, 2 Divide by three.
35, 3, 2 Divide by five.
7, 5, 3, 2 Stop. All the factors are prime.
2 x 3 x 5 x 7 = 210
That's the prime factorization of 210.
77 7,11
15 3,5
1,270,2,135
23 is a prime number. No prime factorization. No tree.
13 is already prime. It doesn't need a tree.
188 94,2 47,2,2
75 25,3 5,5,3
275 55,5 11,5,5
39 3,13
2,675 2,5,125 2,5,5,25 2,5,5,5,5
56 28,2 14,2,2 7,2,2,2
484 242,2 121,2,2 11,11,2,2