You look for a factor, divide for that factor, then look for additional factors. Here is an example: factor 52.
It is fairly obvious that one of the factors is 2 (any number that ends with 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 has 2 as a factor), so you divide 52 by 2:
52 = 2 x 26
Once again, 26 is an even number (a multiple of 2), so you split off another factor of 2:
52 = 2 x 2 x 13
13 is a Prime number; but if you don't happen to know that, you can try dividing it by 2, 3, 5, or 7 (testing those numbers is sufficient for any one-digit or two-digit number). Since there are no further factors, that's the final solution.
4
88 44,2 22,2,2 11,2,2,2
it is 9.
27 9,3 3,3,3
It is 5
The prime factorization.
2x2x222
49 7,7
51 3,17
4
88 44,2 22,2,2 11,2,2,2
It is 90
It is: 3*17 = 51
1
44 22,2 11,2,2
it is 9.
27 9,3 3,3,3