It depends on what information you do have. There are different solutions depending on whether you have two sides and the included angle, or two sides and a median, two sides and an altitude, etc.
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It depends on what is known about the triangle.
to find the missing side of a triangle
The way to find the missing side of a triangle-THIS ONLY WORKS ON RIGHT ANGLED TRIANGLES-is square both sides seperately and then add them together to give you the square of the missing side-find the square root and that is the size of the missing side-eg. if you have a RIGHT ANGLED TRIANGLE with sides of 3inch and 4inch then (3x3) + (4x4) = 25 so the square root of 25 is 5 meaning the missing side is 5inch.
the Pythagorean theory
At each vertex of a triangle, an exterior angle of the triangle may be formed by extending ONE SIDE of the triangle.