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These are called coordinates.
Why are two numbers necessary to locate points on a coordinate plane?
It is the straight line equation that can be used to locate coordinates of x and y on the Cartesian plane
You do not have 3 coordinates in the Cartesian plane. The Cartesian plane is a plane and is therefore 2 dimensional. In 2 dimensional space you require only 2 coordinates. 3 coordinates are required to locate a point in 3-dimensional space but then it cannot be a Cartesian PLANE.
You use coordinate grids to locate where things are. You also use them to make any kind of a picture.