See formulas at the link below.
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State the problem
For one thing, it is an acronym for an approach to solving problems stated in words that may be solved using algebra, calculus or some other mathematical technique. Given: Read the problem to glean all of the information that has been provided in its statement. Asked: Read the problem to understand what is being asked. Process: Determine how the given information relates to what is required. Equation: Formulate what is understood about the relationship between what is given and what is required as an equation. Solve: Solve the equation. Answer: State the result of solving the equation in the original terms of the problem.
In cosmology, the equation of state of a perfect fluid is characterized by a dimensionless number w, equal to the ratio of its pressure p to its energy density ρ: . It is closely related to the thermodynamic equation of state and ideal gas law.
State what the variable represents in the equation.
That's a 'proportion'.