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There are many different bases for standardisation - even if you only consider the Gaussian (Normal) distribution.

If a variable X has a Gaussian distribution, then the corresponding Standard Normal deviate, Z, is obtained from X by subtracting the mean of X and then dividing the result by the standard deviation of X. The variable, Z, more commonly known as the Z-score, has a Gaussian distribution with mean 0 and standard deviation 1.

But, if X is an IQ score, for example, different measures of the X variable are used so that the resulting variable has mean 100 and standard deviation 15.

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Q: How do you standardise a value?
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