Prime numbers have only two factors. Composite numbers have more than two.
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You cannot. If a number is even - other than 2 - then it is a composite number. However, if it is odd, it is not easily possible to tell whether it is prime or composite.
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Prime numbers have two factors. Composite numbers have more than two.
A good way to instantly tell if a number is prime or composite is to learn some tricks to tell if a number divides by certain numbers. For instance, if a number is even, we know it is composite as it must be divisible by 2. If a number ends in 0 or 5, then it also cannot be prime as it would be divisible by 5. In this case, the number ends in 5, so we can tell it must be composite and cannot be prime.