There are two broad cases: either you know the distribution or you don't.
Distribution known: Procedures are known for many, many situations. In some cases, it's possible to transform given data to fit available procedures. In other situations, it might be necessary to create new procedures.
Distribution unknown: Often a procedure that was developed for known distributions has been shown to work for distributions that are only similar to the known distributions. Recourse may alternatively be had to the so-called nonparametric statistics, that make minimal assumptions about distributions.
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Standard deviation of 0 can only be attained if all observations are identical. That is, the variable in question has just one possible value so statistical considerations are irrelevant.
No. The fact that the outcome of one trial does not affect the outcome of any other trial follows from the fact that the trials that are independent. Whether the distribution is binomial or not is totally irrelevant.
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Do to unequal distribution of electronic cloud between two atoms, the both atoms acquire a partial positive atoms, the both atoms acquire a partial positive and negative charge resperctively.
The research question is what your research is trying to explain/find answer. It generally attempts to find a way to relate your experiment with a target population (usually humankind).The statistical question deals with your specific experiment as in how your experiment affects your sample population. It is essentially what you are trying to determine.Example:A company has developed a new pesticide designed to control pine beetles in the coniferous forests, but the law requires that it's effect on fish populations is tested first before it can be released. Thus, we'll test the pesticide on the mortality of a chose fish species in our lab.Research Question: To what extent will the use of the new pesticide harm native fish poplulations?Statistical Question: How does the pesticide, when introduced to the water source, affect the fish we have in our lab?