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What will be the weight in kg of 1 liter of furnace oil having specific gravity of 0.9655?
Mass is measured in kilograms, not weight. The mass of the furnace oil will be 0.9655 kg. If you do not know the difference between weight and mass, consider the following: You have the same amount of material in you whether you are in earth, in mid space or on the moon. That is your mass. You also have a certain amount of weight on earth, which is the effect of the earth's gravitational force acting on your mass. On the moon, the gravitational force is only a sixth as strong and your weight will be only a sixth as much as on earth. In outer space, there may be no gravitational force in which case your weight will be 0. Thus your mass is something that is an intrinsic property of you (at least, of your body) while your weight is largely dependent on the gravitational force acting on you.
The gravitational force between 2 metal spheres in outer space is 2000 newtons How large would the factor be if the 2 spheres were 4 times as far apart?
F is inversely proportional to r*r . therefore the force will be reduced by the factor of 16th. hence the gravitational force will be 125N.
What does atomic mass have to do with the weight of an element?
Matter is bound energy displacing space, the volume and density of displacement is the mass of the matter involved. Gravity is the attraction between matter displacing space, weight is measure of the force exerted by matter due to its gravitational attraction. Therefore the atomic mass of a collection of matter defines the gravitational attraction that matter will exert which will define the measurable weight of the matter in question.
Does the acceleration of a projectile motion ever go to zero?
Not unless it is shot into deep space or a location of complete gravitational cancelation
Why the value of universal gravitational constant is usually unnoticeable?
Because of conditioning. I expect that you would soon notice it if the gravitational constant fell to zero and you were flung off into space! You do not notice atmospheric pressure for a similar reason.
