Probability is a subset of number theory. A huge branch of mathematics. It is not possible here to explain the ramifications of probability. Many of which are contrary to what appears to be common sense.
Probability is used by insurance companies for instance.
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The origin of logic comes from scientific deduction of thought. The only science that is exact, is the science and facts that cannot be known for sure.or at least seen with a physical eye. In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. So the probability of an exact science is... inconceivable.
1/6 because the other numbers don't affect the probability
The probability of an event is usually expressed as a fraction between 0 and 1 or the corresponding percentage. There are many processes in science that have some random element: from the Brownian motion of molecules in a fluid to genetics. The outcomes cannot be determined in advance: only the probabilities of the possible outcomes.
incident complexity
The probability is 1/2 because the second outcome has no affect on the first outcome.