Arithmetic density refers to the total number of people per unit area of land, calculated by dividing the population by the total land area. In contrast, physiological density measures the number of people per unit area of arable land, focusing on the population supported by land suitable for agriculture. This distinction highlights how arithmetic density can be misleading in assessing population pressure on resources, while physiological density provides insight into the sustainability of agricultural practices in relation to population.
Look up the density of steel. It should be no different in a spaceship than on Earth.
Calculators are no different than computers. The tiny chip use binary to come up with the anwer.
If they are all numbers - no letters other than e or pi, then they are arithmetic. Otherwise they are probably algebraic. But beware, phi is also arithmetic.
Mass is the amount of substance an object can have
Individual atoms may be heavier or lighter. Also, the spacing between atoms may vary.