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The number of bits in an integer is the number of times you can divide the integer by 2, truncating each result, before you reach zero.
There are 8 bits in a byte, so a two byte integer would be 16 bits. The largest 16 bit integer possible would be 11111111111111112, which is 65535 in base 10.
The largest integer is 211 - 1 which is 2048 - 1 = 2047
From -524287 to 524288
An 8-bit unsigned integer can represent values ranging from 0 to 255. This is because, with 8 bits, there are (2^8 = 256) possible combinations of binary digits. Therefore, the smallest value is 0 (all bits are 0) and the largest value is 255 (all bits are 1).