Inch dia = Number of weld joints X Size of the pipe
With large diameters like that you will most probably need to insert a weld-on 12 inch - 10 inch reducer at the point where the reduction is required. The pipe and reducer perimeter edges should be bevelled, say 45 degrees, for good weld penetration especially if the pipe conveys fluid under pressure.
A closure weld is a technique of sealing an object in which powerful electrical current or heat is used to melt the surfaces together. This is used extensively in industrial applications.
The 'face' of the weld may be slightly convex, flat, or slightly concave.
There is no answer. There are to many factors to generate an accurate response. When estimating, your best bet is to refer to similar jobs that your company and employees have completed. Those production rates will be the most accurate. When quantifying weld per inch Dia. Given varying degrees of environmental restrictions, wall thickness, procedure, pipe type and size, the hang over that your crew has from the night before and the rest of the equation it is difficult to determine what production rates will be. My recommendation is to use previous proven production rates and work on improving the management coordination, material and equipment supply and communication to the crew. if focus is given in these areas a substantial increase in previously realized production rates will be seen.
Silicon is used to lower the viscosity of the weld puddle. This allows better flow of the molten weld puddle.
Electrodes with too much moisture may lead to cracking or porosity.
Filler rods are used to add metal to a molten weld pool during the welding process and electrodes actually have electricity running through them to deposit metal into the weld with the exception of TIG welding where the tungsten electrode is used solely for heat.... Hope this was helpful
The only time I welded corten I used 7018 electrodes. I was told that elements in the corten mixed with the electrode in the weld giving it rust resistant capabilities.
3 bead cap
Moisture in the electrode can cause porosity in the weld, as the moisture turns into steam during the welding process, creating gas pockets. This can weaken the overall integrity of the weld and affect its mechanical properties. It is important to keep electrodes dry to prevent these issues.
filler rod Almost all metals produced can be welded. Electrodes/rods of similar or compatible metals are manufactured to weld these metals.
E6013
It depends on the type of stainless steel. Stainless steels come in various compositions and are identified by numbers and letters. Electrodes should be chosen that match these. For example when welding 316 stainless use type 316 electrodes. In a lot of situations you can safely use the next higher number. 304 stainless can be welded with 308 electrodes, 308 stainless with 310 electrodes. 309 electrodes are generally used to weld stainless to carbon steel.
The meaning of dia inch is the number of weld joints multiplied by the dia of a given pipe size, since the weld joints is on the 6" pipe, the calculations should be 1 weld x 6" = 6 dia inch.
A huge variety of electrodes are available. MMA, SMAW, STICK WELDING are all the same process. Electrodes are produced to weld almost all metal and metal alloys. From steel to cast iron to aluminum to stainless steel to monels to ???? If it can be STICK WELDED an Electrode is made to do the job.
Not having used a laser to weld , this may be the only one that comes to mind. Oxy -acetylene uses up gas , even though no filler rod may be used, MIG welding uses wire , most other types of welding use some sort of cosumable whether it be rods or coated electrodes , something in the processes gets used to fill the weld or to shield it from contamination. I cannot be sure if some part of a laser is used up in order to make the weld.