A vector can be resolved into infinitely many sets of components in both 2D and 3D space.
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No, a vector in 3-d space would normally be resolved into 3 components. It all depends on the dimensionality of the space that you are working within.
Vector addition does not follow the familiar rules of addition as applied to addition of numbers. However, if vectors are resolved into their components, the rules of addition do apply for these components. There is a further advantage when vectors are resolved along orthogonal (mutually perpendicular) directions. A vector has no effect in a direction perpendicular to its own direction.
The related question has a nice detail of this. Each vector is resolved into component vectors. For 2-dimensions, it is an x-component and a y-component. Then the respective components are added. These added components make up the resultant vector.
The sum of any number of vectors is itself a vector, just as the sum of any number of scalars (normal numbers) is a normal number.If a vector is resolved into 2 components, x and y, in the form [x,y], then it can be added to any other vector resolved into 2 components [z,a].[x,y]+[z,a]=[x+z,y+a]
the difference between resultant vector and resolution of vector is that the addition of two or more vectors can be represented by a single vector which is termed as a resultant vector. And the decomposition of a vector into its components is called resolution of vectors.