64 different whole numbers can be written with 6 bits.
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The number of digits in a number system is equal to the base of the system. The decimal system is base 10 and has ten digits. Binary has two bits, which is short for binary digits. Hexadecimal has sixteen digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E & F), and so on.
In base 3, three digits (0, 1, 2) are used to represent any given number. In base 2, two digits (0, 1) are used to represent any given number.
No, for any base, there is no digit that represents the base, you go to the next higher place. For example, in base-10, there are ten unique digits (0-9) Base 2, there are 2 unique digits: (0-1) So for base five there would be 5 unique digits (0 through 4). To represent a five, in base five would be 105
If you mean a number system analogous (similar) to our decimal system, the base for such a number system can be any integer, 2 or greater. In other words, the base can be 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. You need as many different digits as the size of the base (decimal is in base 10, so you need 10 different digits).