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The wax form is either carved manually with hand tools and hot knives, or machined either with CNC or manual machine operations. An alternative if you have a completed model to work from is to coat the item with a rubber or silicone compound and carefully cut it from the model after it has hardened. It can then be used to pour liquid wax into to form the wax model. Generally the first method is used to cast the prototype and the resultant casting becomes the model from which the wax mold is produced for production. The wax mold is used to replicated the part in wax multiples for producing the tree of wax forms that ultimately are invested and cast to produce the parts.
It's called "tribbing" these days, but it's hard to find two girls that don't pretty much wax everything off anymore...
Assuming that the cross section of the candle is the same everywhere (as you go down, or up), the volume is equal to the base area times the height. If you have a way to find out the base area, you can divide the volume by this base area to find the height.
If you analyze the way bees construct the honeycomb, the hexagonal structure gives the greatest strength and the largest number of cells in a given area using the least amount of wax.