Rational numbers are the numbers that can be written in the form p/q, where both are integers and q does not equal zero. Any integer number is rational, as are all decimals that recur, but only if there is a pattern to their recurrence. Pi, e and root 2 are all irrational, since there is no pattern to how they recur.
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All integers are rational numbers.
The answer will depend on whether you want percentage equivalents of rational numbers or one rational number as a percentage of another.
Yes. Take the average of the two numbers. Since those two numbers are rational, their average will also be rational.
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There are an infinite number of rational numbers between any two rational numbers. And 2 and 7 are rational numbers. Here's an example. Take 2 and 7 and find the number halfway between them: (2 + 7)/2 = 9/2, which is rational. Then you can take 9/2 and 2 and find a rational number halfway: 2 + 9/2 = 13/2, then divide by 2 = 13/4. No matter how close the rational numbers become, you can add them together and divide by 2, and the new number will be rational, and be in between the other 2.