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The speed of light can be both calculated and measured. Light waves are formed by mutually interacting orthogonal electric and magnetic fields. Using properties of these electric and magnetic fields, you can arrange the equations of physics into a partial differential equation, called the "wave equation". This equation contains a constant in it, which is the wave-speed of light. It's value is found from other physical constants, and is about 3 106 km/sec. This value was measured in a vacuum and found to be within excellent agreement.

James Clerk Maxwell first theoretically found the speed of light from what is now called the Maxwell equations.

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Q: How velocity of light is calculated?
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