That's the independent variable.
It can depend on nothing or on an variable which is outside of the scope of the study.
An independent variable is the factor that is manipulated by the experimenter in an effort to study the effects of the change upon the dependent variable.
The term "dependent variable" refers to the variable in an experiment or study that researchers measure and analyze to determine the effects of changes in another variable, known as the independent variable. It is dependent because its value is expected to change in response to variations in the independent variable. In essence, the dependent variable helps to assess the outcome of an experiment or study.
The answer depends on the context of the study.
variable
The independent variable is the thing you are changing. The dependent variable is the result you are trying to measure. In a caffeine study, the amount of caffeine given to a subject would probably be the independent variable. The dependent variable would be what you are measuring, like moodiness, apparent energy, kidney function, etc.
Anxiety would be the experimental variable
Yes. If you are conducting a study, and collecting data, the number of cars would be a discrete variable.
Yes, the dependent variable is also known as the output variable because it is the variable that is being measured or observed in an experiment or study. The value of the dependent variable depends on the independent variable(s) in the study.
extraneous variable
That's the independent variable.
It may or may not be: it depends on the study. In a study of how people intend to vote in an election, the political affiliation would be an independent variable - although probably very highly correlated with the voting intention. On the other hand in the study of the political affiliation of the people who voted in favour of (or against) a particular person, it will be a dependent variable.
dependent variable
amount of moisture!
The dependent variable changes in response to the independent variable. The independent variable is deliberately manipulated to observe its impact on the dependent variable in an experiment or study.
It can depend on nothing or on an variable which is outside of the scope of the study.