They are called "like terms".
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Add together the coefficients of "like" terms. Like terms are those that have the same powers of the variables in the polynomials.
The answer depends on the context. Some examples:when dealing with fractions they are numbers with different denominators,when dealing with surds, they are terms which, in their simplified form have different expressions under the radical.when dealing with algebraic terms, they are terms in which the exponents of the variables are different.
like terms
They are called like terms
It depend entirely on the expressions you are comparing.