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A structure that is parallel.
Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana. Parallel structure is when the sentence is basically the same with different words. The structure of the sentence is the same in both cases. The words of the sentence may be different in both cases.
No
False!
Parallel structure is not part of grammar, except to the extent that there are syntactic rules, like Conjunction Reduction, that apply to structures that are syntactically parallel. They're always optional rules, though, and there's no grammatical requirement to use parallel structures. They're awfully useful, though, as you point out -BrainQuiz