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Is cause the independent variable?
Not necessarily. The independent variable may have no effect at all.
What shows the relationship between the independent and dependent variable?
Cause and effect
Which variable is independent and which variable is dependent?
Oh honey, the independent variable is the one you can control and manipulate, like a puppet master pulling the strings. The dependent variable is the one that sits back and gets affected by the independent variable's shenanigans, like a poor unsuspecting victim. So, in simpler terms, the independent variable is the cause, and the dependent variable is the effect.
Can a quantitative study have an independent and dependent variables?
Yes. The presumed cause is the independent variable and the presumed effect is the dependent varibale. Variablility in the dependent variable is presumed to depend on variablility in the independent variables. It is used more of a direction of influence rather than a cause and effect scenario. Ex. need for increased assistance is dependent on decrease in health. Health is the independent variable and assistance is the dependent.
Does the independent variable really change independently of the other variable?
The relationship is a matter of cause and effect. An independent variable is given as one upon which another variable depends. So, for example, if you heat a metal pipe, the pipe expands. The amount of expansion is dependent upon the amount of heating that occurs, so expansion is the dependent variable, and the heating, which you may or may not control, is the independent variable. All it means is that if the independent variable ungoes a change, there is an associated and predictable change in the dependent variable. The two are linked inextricably, but one is cause, the other is effect, or to put it another way, you control the change in the dependent variable with input into the independent variable, but it doesn't normally work the other way around.
