The imaginary line that extends straight out from the center of a reflective surface is the optical axis.
Actually, answer 1 is for the volume, not the surface area. Aside from that, there are lots of ways to bore a hole in a cylinder. If it goes from one base (a flat face) to the other (or part of the way) parallel to the axis, answer 1 is correct (for the volume). If it is not parallel to the axis, or if it is bored from the curved surface of the cylinder, it is much more complicated. Assuming, as in answer 1, that the hole goes all the way from one base to the other parallel to the axis, to get the surface area you would add the surface area of the outer cylinder to that of the hole (just the curved surface portion), and then subtract the areas of the circular holes in the two bases, each of which is pi x the radius of the hole squared. I'm assuming you know how to calculate the surface area of a cylinder. This is the area of the curved surface, which is 2 x pi x the radius x the height, plus 2 x the area of each base, which is pi x the radius squared. ========================================================== Use the formula:- Volume of a cylinder = Pi X Radius squared X Length , to find the volume of a solid cylinder. Repeat the same calculation with the same formula, to find the Volume of the cylinder of fresh air within the cylinder . Subtract the fresh air Volume from the Solid Cylinder Volume. That will be your answer . Think about your problem, then it is dead easy.
Any line with the equation [ x = any number ] is parallel to the y-axis.
The slope (or gradient) if the line is parallel to the y-axis, is infinite. If it's parallel to the x-axis the slope is zero.
axis or optical center
The focus of a concave mirror is the point on its optical axis where light rays parallel to the axis converge after being reflected.
It should be parallel. Rays "parallel to the principle axis of a concave mirror converage at or near the focal point.
A concave mirror is curved inwards, causing light rays parallel to the mirror's axis to converge at a focal point in front of the mirror. This type of mirror can be used for focusing light in various optical devices like telescopes and shaving mirrors.
optical axis
The point at which light rays parallel to the optical axis come together or appear to come together after passing through a lens is known as the focal point.
concave mirror
Yes, rays that are parallel and close to the principal axis are known as paraxial rays. These rays are used in geometrical optics to simplify calculations and analyses of optical systems.
The mirror that causes parallel incident rays of light to converge at the focus is a concave mirror. This type of mirror is curved inward and has a reflective surface that causes light rays to converge towards a focal point when they strike the mirror parallel to its principal axis.
The term you are looking for is "normal." The normal is a line that is perpendicular to the surface of a mirror or other reflective object at the point where the incident ray strikes.
A focal point is the point where reflected light rays meet along an optical axis.
optical axis
The imaginary line that extends straight out from the center of a reflective surface is the optical axis.