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What is shanon's capacity theorem?
Shannon's Capacity Theorem, formulated by Claude Shannon in 1948, defines the maximum rate at which information can be reliably transmitted over a communication channel. This rate, known as channel capacity, is determined by the bandwidth of the channel and the level of noise present. The theorem establishes a fundamental limit, indicating that if the transmission rate is below this capacity, error-free communication is possible, while rates above it will result in errors. Shannon's theorem laid the foundation for modern information theory and telecommunications.
Why in gsm we are taking 200kHz as bandwidth why we cant take 100kHz or some thing less than 200kHz so that we can increase the ARFCNs?
In GSM, a bandwidth of 200 kHz is chosen to balance the needs for voice quality, capacity, and interference management. While a smaller bandwidth like 100 kHz could technically increase the number of available ARFCNs (Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Numbers), it would compromise voice quality and increase the likelihood of interference between channels. The 200 kHz allocation allows for sufficient guard bands and accommodates the modulation techniques used, ensuring effective communication and maintaining service reliability.
How many E1 in STM-1?
An STM-1 (Synchronous Transport Module level 1) carries a total of 63 E1 (European 1.544 Mbps) channels. Each E1 channel has a capacity of 2.048 Mbps, and the STM-1 has a total bandwidth of 155.52 Mbps. Therefore, it can efficiently accommodate these E1 channels within its structure.
What is null to null bandwidth?
Null to null bandwidth refers to the range of frequencies over which a signal can be accurately transmitted or received without significant distortion or loss. It specifically measures the bandwidth from the lowest frequency point (null) to the highest frequency point (another null) where the signal's amplitude falls below a certain threshold. This concept is important in telecommunications and signal processing, as it helps in determining the effective range of a communication channel or system.
What is the weight capacity per ft on a pc. of 8x11.5 structural channel?
The weight capacity per foot of an 8x11.5 structural channel depends on various factors, including the material, length, and support conditions. However, a typical steel channel of this size can generally support around 1,000 to 2,000 pounds per foot when properly supported. For precise weight capacity, it is essential to refer to the manufacturer's specifications or a structural engineering table that considers the specific application and loading conditions.
What is the relation between the bandwidth and symbol rate?
the channel capacity (information in bits per second) is related to bandwidth and SNR by the relation C= B[log(1+SNR) b/s log is at the base 2 B= bandwidth of a channel C= capacity in bits per second SNR= signal to noise ratio.
What are key factors that can affect channel capacity?
Channel capacity - It is the rate at which the data can be transmitted over a given path, or channel, under the given conditions. Key factors affecting the channel capacity are- Data rate- speed of data transmission measured in bits per second. Bandwidth – Maximum. Bandwidth, noise, and error rate.
What is the difference between transmission bandwidth and channel bandwidth?
The transmission bandwidth refers to the range of frequencies that are being transmitted from one point to another. The channel bandwidth on the other hand refers to the frequencies of a given channel.
What is the difference between the channel spacing and the transmission bandwidth?
Bandwidth is the measure of range or band of frequencies that a channel or path can handle at a maximum rate. whereas, throughput is the average rate of successful message delivery over a communication channel. and Goodput is simply the changing in throughput rate.
A communication channel with additive white gaussian noise has a bandwidth of 4kHz and SNR of 31dB. Its channel capacity is?
20kbps
Difference between channel and bandwidth?
a channel is actually a path through which a signal of a particular frequency travels and bandwidth is the capacity of that path it tells about the number or range of frequencies which a path can carry
What key features affect the channel capacity?
Key features that affect channel capacity include bandwidth, signal-to-noise ratio, and modulation technique. A wider bandwidth allows for more data to be transmitted, while a high signal-to-noise ratio enables better accuracy in data transmission. The modulation technique used can also impact channel capacity by determining how efficiently the available bandwidth is utilized.
What is nyquist Channel capacity formula?
C = 2*B*log2(M) where C --> capacity B --> bandwidth M --> # of discrete signals
What is the theoretical maximum channel capacity of traditional telephone lines?
C = B * log2(1 + SNR) C= channel capacity B= Bandwidth , telephone lines have a usable range of around 3400Hz = =
Noisy and Noiseless channels in Data Communication?
A. Noisy Channel: Defines theoretical maximum bit rate for Noisy Channel: Capacity=Bandwidth X log2(1+SNR) Noiseless Channel: Defines theoretical maximum bit rate for Noiseless Channel: Bit Rate=2 X Bandwidth X log2L
What is the effect of reducing the channel bandwidth?
I'm afraid you will need to specify on what exactly are you referring to. We could be talking about a radio channel bandwidth, a computer data transfer channel bandwidth or even a radio communications channel bandwidth. It is difficult to tell with the narrow question you posed.
How is the channel used in the digital communucation system?
The channel used in a digital communication system is used to convey an information signal. A channel has certain capacity for putting in information that is measured by bandwidth in Hz or data rate.
