Move the decimal point to just after the first non-zero digit. The resulting number, a, will be the mantissa of the scientific notation.
While moving the decimal point (dp), count the number of places, n, that decimal point has moved and whether it is to the right or left. If the dp was moved to the left, the exponent is 10a whereas if it was to the right the exponent is 10-a.
Examples:
234.567
a = 2.34567, n = 2 (to the left) so 234.567 = 2.34567*102.
0.00234
a = 2.34, n = 3 to the right so 0.00234 = 2.34*10-3.
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In scientific notation all numbers are written in the form: a*10b where a is a decimal number such that 1 ≤ a < 10 and b is an integer.
20,000 + 3,400,000
In converting numbers into scientific notation, first you should move the decimal point such that there would be one significant figure to the left of the decimal point. Examples: 299792458 -> 2.99792458 0.0000000000667428 -> 6.67428 Then, count the number of times you moved the decimal point. Note the direction of movement. Examples: 299792458 -> 2.99792458 (8 digits to the left) 0.0000000000667428 -> 6.67428 (11 digits to the right) Lastly, express the number as a product of the modulus (the number with the decimal point moved) and a power of ten. Examples: 299792458 -> 2.99792458 x 108 (If the decimal point was moved to the left, the power is positive) 0.0000000000667428 -> 6.67428 x 10-11 (If the decimal point was moved to the right, the power is negative)
Standard notation (in the UK) is the same as scientific notation. So the one rule to use is DO NOTHING!
I don't know what you mean "how to write the rules." In the US, "standard" notation means "long form", i.e. 6,000,000, while "scientific" notation means the exponential form, 6x106. I had thought it was the same in the UK, but Mehtamatics says otherwise: "Standard notation and scientific notation are the same in terms of UK usage of these phrases."