For a physical meaning, take potential energy as an example. To raise an object from one position to another position one meter higher takes a certain amount of energy - the potential energy of the object increases. The amount of energy is independent of the path the object takes - whether it goes straight up, in zigzag, etc.
A line integral is a simple integral. they look like: integral x=a to b of (f(x)). A surface integral is an integral of two variables. they look like: integral x=a to b, y=c to d of (f(x,y)). or integral x=a to b of (integral y=c to d of (f(x,y))). The second form is the nested form. A pair of line integrals, one inside the other. This is the easiest way to understand surface integrals, and, normally, solve surface integrals. A volume integral is an integral of three variables. they look like: integral x=a to b, y=c to d, z=e to f of (f(x,y,z)). or integral x=a to b of (integral y=c to d of (integral z=e to f of f(x,y,z))). the above statement is wrong, the person who wrote this stated the first 2 types of integrals as regular, simple, scalar integrals, when line and surface integrals are actually a form of vector calculus. in the previous answer, it is stated that the integrand is just some funtion of x when it is actually usually a vector field and instead of evaluating the integral from some x a to b, you will actually be evaluating the integral along a curve that you will parametrize to get the upper and lower bounds of the integral. as you can see, these are a lot more complicated. looking at your question tho, i dont think you want the whole expanation on how to solve these problems, but more so what they are and what they are used for, because these can be a pain to solve and there are also several ways to solve them indirectly. line integrals have an important part in physics because they alow us to calculate things such as work that have vector values rather than just scalar values as you can use these integrals to describe a particles path along a curve in a force field. surface integrals help us calculate things like flux, or how fluid flows over a surface. if you want to learn more, look into things like greens theorem, or the divergence theorem. p.s. his definition of a surface integral is acutally how you find the volume of a region
The shortest path is a line perpendicular to the given line that passes through the given point.
A base path is the path determined by the runner as he is travelling between bases, and the base line is the the direct lines between the two bases.
It is a straight line.
A line integral can evaluate scalar and vector field functions along a curve/path. When applied on vector field, line integral is considered as measure of the total effect of the vector field along a specific curve whereas in scalar field application, the line integral is interpreted as the area under the field carved out by a particular curve.Line integral has many applications in physics. In mechanics, line integral is used to determine work done by a force in moving an object along a curve. In circuit analysis, it is used for calculating voltage.
For a physical meaning, take potential energy as an example. To raise an object from one position to another position one meter higher takes a certain amount of energy - the potential energy of the object increases. The amount of energy is independent of the path the object takes - whether it goes straight up, in zigzag, etc.
Feynmans path integral formulation equations
A wave pulse is represented using a line in physics. This line shows the movement and propagation of the wave through a medium.
It is independent of the path travelled. Its depend only on initial and final position and is a example of conservative force.
Internal energy of a system is independent of the path taken, i.e., it only depends on the initial and final states of the system.
Distance is independent of path, as it is the total length traveled from point A to point B, regardless of the route taken. Displacement, on the other hand, is the shortest distance between the initial and final points and is also independent of path.
Orbital Pathway
D. C. Khandekar has written: 'Path-integral methods and their applications' -- subject(s): Path integrals, Feynman integrals
A line integral is a simple integral. they look like: integral x=a to b of (f(x)). A surface integral is an integral of two variables. they look like: integral x=a to b, y=c to d of (f(x,y)). or integral x=a to b of (integral y=c to d of (f(x,y))). The second form is the nested form. A pair of line integrals, one inside the other. This is the easiest way to understand surface integrals, and, normally, solve surface integrals. A volume integral is an integral of three variables. they look like: integral x=a to b, y=c to d, z=e to f of (f(x,y,z)). or integral x=a to b of (integral y=c to d of (integral z=e to f of f(x,y,z))). the above statement is wrong, the person who wrote this stated the first 2 types of integrals as regular, simple, scalar integrals, when line and surface integrals are actually a form of vector calculus. in the previous answer, it is stated that the integrand is just some funtion of x when it is actually usually a vector field and instead of evaluating the integral from some x a to b, you will actually be evaluating the integral along a curve that you will parametrize to get the upper and lower bounds of the integral. as you can see, these are a lot more complicated. looking at your question tho, i dont think you want the whole expanation on how to solve these problems, but more so what they are and what they are used for, because these can be a pain to solve and there are also several ways to solve them indirectly. line integrals have an important part in physics because they alow us to calculate things such as work that have vector values rather than just scalar values as you can use these integrals to describe a particles path along a curve in a force field. surface integrals help us calculate things like flux, or how fluid flows over a surface. if you want to learn more, look into things like greens theorem, or the divergence theorem. p.s. his definition of a surface integral is acutally how you find the volume of a region
The shortest path is a line perpendicular to the given line that passes through the given point.
Straight line