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To check the precision of an instrument its apparent measurement must be compared to a known measurement. The difference between the measured quantity divided by the known quantity is expressed as a % precision of the instrument, or calibration. Most instruments when being calibrated are tested against multiple known quantities throughout the range of the instrument. Thus the precision of the instrument is determined throughout it's full range of measurement.
A fraction that compares 2 equivalent measurements is often referred to as a conversion factor. It represents the relationship between two different units of measurement for the same quantity. For example, the fraction 1 mile/5280 feet can be used to convert between miles and feet, as there are 5280 feet in one mile.
It is a matter of scale.
The difference between between replication and replication is that replication is the series of copies, and repetition is the series of repeats.
The ration between two corresponding measurements is called a rate. It separates miles per gallon and feet per second when corresponding.