The Lorentz force, in electromagnetism, is the effect of electric and magnetic forces which act on a point charge moving through electric and magnetic fields.
The Lorentz force can be found in scientific apparatus such as particle accelerators, mass spectrometers and magnetrons. More day-to-day equipment are electric motors, loudspeakers and electrical generators.
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point of application of force is the spot where the force is being applied.
One description of Lorentz polarization occurs in x,y,z or cartesian coord's...If a particle has relativistic velocity in (z) direction only, it is said to have Lorentz spatial invariance in that direction.....while the x,y plane remains a Newtonian or Galilean surface.
Retardation is the application of a force that produces negative accelleration. Synonyms would be braking, decelleration, damping, etc. Gravitational force operates downward (in a negative direction) so, in most frames of reference, gravity is a retarding force.
If a person doesn't know the proper method to solve a problem or any shortcuts, brute force is the only method he can use, which might help him make an educated guess.
The Cauchy or Cauchy-Lorentz distribution. The ratio of two Normal random variables has a C-L distribution.