Perhaps this will help:
1. Read the problem 3 times.
2. Draw a picture if you can.
3. Define a variable, preferably the quantity you are trying to find. {eg "Let x cm be the length of the rectangle."
4. Write down any formulas related to the problem, and define other quantities in terms of x. {eg A=lw, w=l-4
5. Write an equation involving the expressions from steps 3 and 4.
6. Solve the equation. {eg x=7
7. Answer the question in words. {eg "The length of the rectangle is 7cm."
8. Check your answer in the words of the question (not in the equation you wrote in step 5).
A process is a series of steps to follow in order to solve a problem or complete a task.
Scientific Methods is the correct answer.
Scientific method
A series of worked examples showing the steps that can be followed to simplify ratios.
Neither. Steps are taken, not followed. Use The following steps must be taken.