they are called variables
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equation
An algebraic expression or equation may be separated by a plus or minus sign, and it can consist of terms that are numbers or products of numbers and variables.
Unfortunately, the browser used by Answers.com for posting questions is incapable of accepting mathematical symbols. This means that we cannot see the mathematically critical parts of the question. As a result, what you have in the question is not an equation but simply two integers separated by a space.
When you separate the characters in the equation, you see one and seven separated by an X. You can solve the equation by multiplying -- the function of X -- one times seven: the answer is seven.
Sounds like a logrythm