A singularity is originally a mathematical term for a point at which an equation has no solution. In physics, it was proven that a large enough collapsing star would eventually become a black hole, so dense that its own gravity would cause a 'singularity' in the fabric of space-time, a point where many of the physics equations suddenly have no solution.
Singularity has become, in physics, another name for a black hole, a compression of matter so dense, not even light can escape it.
Since z = a^2/z on the circle, we see that w as given by (1) is purely real on the circle C and therefore if* = 0. Thus C is a streamline. If the point z is outside 0, the point az /z is inside 0, and vice-versa. Since all the singularities off(z) are by hypothesis exterior to C, all the singularities off(a?/z) are interior to C ; in particular f(a z /z) has no singularity at infinity, since f(z) has none at z = 0. Thus w has exactly the same singularities as/(z) and so all the conditions are satisfied.
Karen Smith works in algebra and algebraic geometry. Some of her main contributions involve finding purely algebraic ways to understand geometric objects, such as singularities in algebraic geometry. This is significant because, for example, even a computer can manipulate algebraic equations but it can not understand a drawing as well. I can answer more if you describe how much mathematics you have taken.
SYLLABUS OF III SEMISTER B.E. COMPUTER SCIENCE (SEMISRER PATTERN)33CSI: Applied Mathematics Unit 1 : Integral TransformsFourier integral theorem, Fourier and Laplace transforms and their simple properties, Simple properties of Laplace transforms to-solve ordinary differential equation including Application to one dimensional partial differential equations. The z-transform definition and properties, inversion, with Laplace transform, Application of z-transform to solve difference with constant coefficient.Unit 2: Complex VariableAnalytic function, Cauchy-Riemen condition, conjugate, function, singularities, Cauchy's integral theorem and integral formula (statement only) Taylor's and Laurent theorem (statement only) Residue theorem, contour integration. Unit 3 : Calculus of VariationsMaxima and Minima of functional, variation and its properties Euler's-equation, functional dependent on first and second order derivatives, simple applications.Unit 4 : Fourier SeriesPeriodic function and their Fourier expansion. Even and odd function, change of interval half range expansion. Partial Differential Equation: Partial-Differential Equation of first order first degree,i.e, Langrange's form, Linear Homogeneous P.D.E. of North order with constant coeffient method of separation of variables.Unit 5 : MatricesInverse of matrix by partitioning method, Inverse of a matrix by adjoint method and its use solving- simultaneous equation, Rank of matrix, Consistency of a system of Equation, Linear dependence, linear and orthogonal transformation.Unit 6 : MatricesCharacteristic equation, Eigenvalues, eigenvectors, Reduction of a diagonal form, Statement and verification of Cayley-Hamilton theorem; Sylvester's theorem, Association of matrices with linear differential equation of second order with a constant coefficient, Determination of largest eigenvalue by iteration method.Test Books:· Advanced Engineering Mathematics, kreyzig· Higher Engineering Mathematics, B.S. GrewalReference Book :· Mathematics of Engineer, Chandrika Prasad· Advanced Mathematics for Engineer, Chandrika Prasad· Applied Mathematics for Engineer, L.A. Pipes & Harville· A Text Book of Applied Mathematics, P.N. Wartikar & J.N. Wartikar 33CS2 : Programming Fundamentals In "C"Unit - I:Introduction to programming , programming languages, algorithms, flowchart. C: Data types, Identifiers, Storage class, Constant, Operators, expression, Statement, console I/O statement, Selection statement: if-else, switch, Iteration Statement: for, while, do-while, jump statement: return, go, back, continue, comment.Unit IIFunction, Call by value, Call by reference, calling function with arrays, argument to main(), return statement, recursion, function prototypes, inline keyword, preprocessor directives. Pointers: pointer variables, pointer operator, pointer expression, array of pointers, multiple indirection, pointers to function, dynamic allocation function, Unit IIIArrays - single dimensional arrays, two dimensional arrays, variables length array. Strings, array of strings. Unit IVStructures : array of structures, passing structure to function, structure pointer, structure within structure. Union, bit-fields, enumerations, size, type def. Unit VFile I/O : Streams and files, file system basics, fread, fwrite, fseek, random access I/O, fprint(), fscan(), standard streams. Unit VIAdvanced Concept in C: Different types of pointers, ROM-BOIS function, Elementary TSRs.Text Book :· The Complete Reference C (4 th Edition): Herbert Scheldt [TMH]· C how to program, 4th Edition by H.M.Deitel & P.J. Deitel, Pearson Education.· Writing TSRs through C: Yashwant Kanetkar [BPB]Reference Book:· The C programming Language: Dennis Ritchie & Dietel, Pearson Kernighan [Pearson]· Programming with C: K.R. Venugopal & S.R. Prasad [TMH]· Let us C: Yashwant Kanetkar [BPB]33 CS3 : DIGITAL CIRCUITS & FUNDAMENTALS OF MICROPROCESSORUnit - I:Motivation for digital system - Logic and Boolean algebra, Number system: Binary, Hexadecimal, Octal, Gray. Gates & truth tables, propositions, Demogran's law minimization of combinational circuits using Karnaugh maps.Unit II :Multiplexers, Demultiplexer, Enconds, Decoders, Code, Converters, Address, Subtract(Half, full), BCD Adder/ Subtractor, ripple and carry look-ahead addition. Unit IIIStorage elements, flip-flops and latches: D,T,J/K, s/R flop-flops. Master Slave Conversion of one of type of F/F to another. Unit -IVCounters, asynchronous and synchronous-design using state and excitation tables. Unit -VIntroduction of 8085, Addressing modes, Instruction Set of up 8085 Unit -VIInterrupts of 8085, Programming of up 8085.Text Book :Digital Design 3rd Edition by M. Morris Mano, Pearson Education.Digital logic and Computer Design by M. Morris Mano, Pearson Education.Digital Circuits & Design - R.P. JainDigital Circuits & design - A.P. GodseFundamentals of Digital Electronic - A.Anand Kumar8 bit microprocessor & controller - V.J. Vibhute8 bit microprocessor - Gaonkar 33CS4 : Combinatorial TheoriesUnit I :Combinatory : Basic counting techniques, pigeon-hole principle, recurrence relations, generating function. Examples using ordinary power series and exponential generating functions, general properties of such functions. Dirichleet Series as generating function.A general family of problems described in terms of 'cards, deck and hand' with solution methods using generating function. Unit IIGenerating function proofs of the sieve formula and of various combinatorial indenties. Certifying combinatorial indenties.Some analytical methods and asymptotic result.Polya's counting theorem.Basics of graphs theory.Introduction to probabilistic method in combinatory. Unit IIINumber TheoryExamples of continued fractions.The study of the continued fraction.Alpha has infinite continued fraction if alpha is irrational.Formal logic: Prepositional logic: proof system, semantics, completeness, compactness.Length of proofs, polynomial size proofs, efficiency of proof system. Unit IVAlpha has periodic continued fraction if alpha is quadratic irrational.Application to approximation of irrational by rational. Hurwitz's Theorem.First order logic: models, proof system, compactness, Examples of formal proofs in say, number theory or group theory. Some advanced topics.Unit V:Application to solution of Pell's equation. Proof that means cos{(p x pi)/q}, for natural number p and q are irrational (apart from obvious exceptions).Example : CS application of logic, introduction to modal and temporal logics, Or formal theory including incompleteness theorem.Unit VI :Lowville's Theorem on algebraic numbers. Construction of transcendental numbers.Elements of proof theory including cut elimination, Or zero-one law for first order logic.Text Book :Niven, Zuckerman and Montgomery, An Introduction to the theory of Numbers, (5th edition), 1991, Wiley. 33CS5 : Principle Of Management Unit I:Nature and function of Management, Management yesterday and today, Planning and Decision making. Unit II:Management Information System: Introduction, Conceptual Foundation, Information System Requirement Unit III:Marketing Management : Marketing concept, Indian Marketing Environment, Market segmentation, Market Planning, International Marketing.Unit IV:Financial ManagementUnit V:Human Resource Management : Human Resource Planning, Recruitment, Selection, Training and development, Security , safety and Health.Unit VI:Organization Behavior : Organization Structure and design. Designing Effective Organization, Managing Job Stress, Organization DevelopmentText Book:Principle of management, PC Tripathi and PN ReddyManagement Information System, Gordon Davis and H. Olison McGraw Hill.Human Recourses and Personal Management, William Werther and Keith Davis.Marketing Management V S Ramaswamy and S NamakumariOrganization Behavior, High Arnold and Daniel Feldman McGraw HillFinancial Management, Khanna33CS6 : Computer WorkshopPractical to be based on following topics:Study of PC HardwareBasic computer OrganizationPC constructionStudy of BOIS and CMOSWorking under DOS and Windows operating systemInternal and External DOS commandsBasics required for working under windows operating systemStudy of control panel3. Working under UNIX / LINUX Operating System:Structure : Unix ArchitectureFeatures of UNIX operating systemLayered model of UNIX operating system (study of kernel and shell)File structure and Directory structureIntroduction to Networking Accessories:Study of user connectionStudy of communication channelStudy network architecture (topologies)Study of network TypesBooks:Computer Fundamentals - Pradeep K. SinhaIntroduction to Computer Science by ITL ESL, Pearson EducationIntroduction to UNIX and shell programming by M.G. Venkateshmurthy, Pearson EducationUnix shell programming - Yeshwant Kanetkar.SYLLABUS OF IV SEMISTER B.E. COMPUTER SCIENCE (SEMISRER PATTERN)44CSI: Discrete Mathematics and Graph Theory Unit 1: Set TheoryOperation of sets - relation and functions, partial order, equivalence relation peano and inductionsUnit 2: Mathematical LogicProposition, predicate logic, formal mathematical system, algebra, Homomorphism, AutomorphismUnit 3: GroupsElement of theory of some Algebras, semi group, monoid group.Unit 4: RingsRings, fields, lattices, Boolean Algebra.Unit 5: Graph TheoryGraphs, Hyper Graph, Transitive Closure, Spanning Tress.Unit 6: CombinatorsGenerating Function, recurrences, counting theorem and applicationText Books:discrete Mathematical Structure for computer science, Kolman / Rahman Pearson education.Combinational Mathematics, C.L. Liu (McGraw Hill)(common to CS/CT/CE/IT)44 CS2 : Data Structure and Programme Design in 'C' 44 CS2 Data and program design in "C"Unit 1General concept and linear data structure : Abstract data structure as an organization of data with specified properties and operations, Time and space analysis of algorithms, Big oh and theta notations and omega notations. Average, best and worst case analysis, Representation of Arrays - single and Multi dimensional - Address calculation using column and row major ordering. Representation of stacks and queues using arrays- Circular queues, Dequeue, Application of stacks, Conversion from infix to post fix and pre-fix expression, Evaluation of postfix expression using stacks, Multiple stacks.Unit IILinked list : Linked lists, Simply linked list Implementation of linked list using and dynamic memory allocation-dynamic memory allocation, operation on list linked stacks and queues, polynomial representation and manipulation are using linked list, circular linked list, doubly linked list, Generalized list.Unit IIITrees: General and binary trees, Representations and traversals, General tress as binary trees, Binary search trees, Application, the concept of balancing and its advantages, B-trees, B+ Trees, AVL Trees, Threaded Binary Trees.Unit IVHashing : Hash functions, Collision resolution, Expected behavior, ApplicationUnit VGraphs and digraphs : Representations, Breadth and depth first searches, Connectivity algorithms, shortest path, Minimal spanning tree, the union find problem, Hamilton pathUnit VISorting : Elementary sorts : selection , insertion, bubble sort, Radix sort, Quick sort, merge sort, heap sort, Bucket sorting, External sorting, Worst case and average behavior, Lower bound for sorting using comparisonsText Books:Data structure using C and C++ by Y. Langsam, Pearson EducationData structure using C by Tenebaum, Pearson EducationData structure using C by S.K. Bandyopadhaya, Pearson EducationS. Sahani, Data Structure in CD. Samantha, Classic Data Structure, PHI PublicationData structure - Robert Kruse44CS3: Business Data ProcessingUnit I:Structural Organization of COLBOL: Character set, Words, Sentences, Identification Division, Environment Division, Data Division, Data types- numerical, Alphabetic & alphanumeric, Input-output sections, Working storage sections, PROCEDURE division features : ACCPET, DISPLAY, MOVE, Arithmetic & COMPUTE verbs, levels, Errors Handling, Sample programs, PERFORM & GOTO verbs, sample programs using PERFORM, Miscellaneous COBOL statement.Unit II:Conditional statements & Handling Relation condition, Nested condition, Class conditions, Condition name condition Justified clause, Structured programming forms of program structure, Structural floe charts, subscripting, OCCOURS CLAUSE, multidimensional tables, Tables handling with PERFORM verb.Unit III:Business Files : Structured flow charts, Operation on files, Master files, Transaction file, Report file, Batch processing, on-line processing, case studies.Sequential Access Files: Principle of magnetic storage and accessing, Blocking, Inter record gap, label records, COBOL language instruction for sequential files.Unit IV:Direct Access File : Characteristic of disk storage and timing index sequential files, COBOL instruction for indexed sequential files, relative file organization, Division - Remainder method, digital analysis method, COBOL instruction for handling relative files.Unit V:Sorting, Searching and merging : Linear search sort, Merge sort, Chained record sort, Linear search, Binary search, File sorting and Merging using sequential files.Report Generation : Output layout design, Heading, Date & Detailed summaries.Control break, Language specification for COBOL report writing.Unit VI:Advanced Tool manipulators like STRING, UNSTIRNG, INSPECT & COPY verb, COBOL subprogram and main program.Text Books:· COBOL Programming with business application - N.L. Sarda· Information System through COBOL -Philippakis & Kazmier· Structured COBOL Programming - Stern & Stern· COBOL Programming by M.K. Roy, D. Ghosh Dastidar.44CS4: Theoretical Foundations Of Computer ScienceUnit 1Mathematical preliminaries - Sets, operation, relation strings, transitive closure, accountability and diagonaalisation, induction and proof methods- pigeon-hole principle and simple application - concept of language - grammar and production rules- Chomsky hierarchy.Unit IIFinite state machine, regular language, deterministic finite automata, conversion deterministic automata , E- closures- regular expression finite automata, minimization of automata, Moore and Mealy machine and their equivalence.Unit IIIPumping lemma for regular sets-closure properties of regular sets-decision properties for regular sets, equivalence between regular language and regular grammar. Context - free language -parse trees and ambiguity, reduction of CFGS, chomsky and Griebach normal formsUnit IVPush -down Automata (PDA)-non Determinism-acceptance by two methods and their equivalence, conversion of PDA to CFG CFLs and PDAs-closure and decision properties of CFLs.Unit VTuring machines-various-recursively enumerable (r.e.)set-recursive setsTM as computer of function- decidability and solvability- reductions- post correspondence problem (PCP) and unsolvability of ambiguity problem of CFGs, Church's hypothesis.Unit VIIntroduction to recursive function theory- primitive recursive and partial recursive functions, Parsing top down and bottom up approach, derivation and reductionText BooksIntroduction to formal languages and automata - Peter Linz Norasa, 200Theory of Computer - Mishra and Chandrashekharan, PHIReference BooksIntroduction Of Automata Theory, Languages and computation J.E Hopcroft, J. D Ulman, Pearson education.44CS5: Computer Architecture & OrganizationUNIT 1BASIC STRUCTURE OF COMPUTERS :Functional units , Basic operational concepts, Bus structure Addressing modes , subroutine : parameter passing , instruction formats, expanding opcodes method.BASIC PROCESSING UNITS: bus architecture, execution of a complete instruction, sequencing of a control signals, hardwires control, micro programmed control, microinstruction format, bit slice concepts.UNIT II:ARITHAMETIC : Numbers representation and their operations , design of fast Adders, Singed multiplications, Booth's Algorithm's bit pair recording, Integer Division, Floating point numbers and operations , guard bit and rounding.UNIT III:THE MEMORY SYSTEM : various technologies used in memory design , higher order memory design, multimode memories and interleaving , Associative Memory , Cache Memory, Virtual Memory.UNIT IV:INPUT / OUTPUT ORGANISATION: I/O mapped I/O and memory mapped I/O , interrupts and interrupts handling mechanism , vectored interrupts , synchronous vs.Asynchronous data transfer , Direct memory Access COMPUTERS PERIPHERALS : I/O devices such as magnetic disc, magnetic tape. CDROM system.UNIT V:RISC philosophy , pipelining , basic, delayed branch, branch prediction, data dependency, influence of pipe lining on instruction set design ,, multiple execution units, performance considerations,UNIT VI:Basic Concepts in parallel processing & classifications of parallel architecture. Vector processing , Array processors.BOOKS:· V.C Hamachare , Z.G.Vranesis and S.G Zaky, Computer organizations.McGraw Hills 5th Edition, 2002.· Computer Architecture & Organizations III rd Edition J.P Hayes.· A.S. Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organizations" 4th Edition , PersonEducations.REFERENCE BOOKS:· M. Mano, " Computer System & Architecture" Pearson Education.· W. Stalling " Computer System & Architecture" , Pearson Educations.44CS6: Internet TechnologiesPractical to be conducted based on following topics:1) HTML: standard use for www documents on internet , GML, SGML, HTML tags, special characters, Fonts, Lists, Images, Tables, Forms and Frames.2) DHTML:Introduction to CSS, Fonts in CSS, Text in CSS, Boxes in CSS, CSS positioning, Tables in CSS, Generated content and lists in CSS.3) XML: XML basics, understanding markup languages, structures and syntax, valid Vr well formed XML, DTD (document type definition) classes, Scripting XML, XML processor, parent child relationship, XML as a data, data type in XML, XML namespaces, linking with XML simple link, the HTML way, XSL with style: style sheet basics, XSL basics, XSL style sheets.4) FRONTPAGE:5) SECURITY:6) Scripting Language: Perl Scripts, Java Scripts:7) PHPTEXT BOOKS:· XML in action web technology by William J. Pardi (PHI) Pub.· Web Technology by Ramesh Bangia (Firewall Media).. · Programming the web using XML by Ellen Pearlman (Tata McGraw - Hill).SYLLABUSS OF V SEMESTER B.E. COMPUTER SCIENCE (SEMESTER PATTERN)55CS1: Data CommunicationUNIT 1:SIGNALS:ANALOG AND DIGITAL : Analog and digital data, Analog and digital signals; PERIODIC AND APERIODIC SINGNSLES, ANALOG SINGALE: simple analog signals; TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAINS; COMPOSITE SINGLES: Frequency spectrum and Bandwidth; DIGITAL SIGNALS : Decomposition of digital signal; TRANSMISSION MODES: Serial and Parallel transmission, Asynchronous and Synchronous Transmission, simplex, Half- Duplex communication.UNIT 2:ENCODING AND MODULATING:DIGITAL -TO - DIGITAL CONVERSION : Unipolar , Polar, Bipolar;ANALOG- TO DIGITAL COVERSION:Pluse Amplitude Modulation(PAM),Pules Code7 Modulation(PCM),Sampaling Rate,How many Bits per Sample? Bit rate;DIGITAL -TO- ANALOG CONVERSION: Aspects of Digital -to -Analog conversion, Amplitude Shift Keying(ASK),Frequency Shift Keying(FSK) ,Phase shift keying( PSK), Quadrature Amplitude modulation (QAM), Bit / Baud comparison ; ANALOG-TO- ANALOG CONVERSION: amplitude modulation (AM), Frequency Modulation (FM) , Phase modulation(pm);UNIT 3:INTERFACES AND MODEMS: DIGITAL DATA TRANSMISSION: Parallel transmission , Serial Transmission ; DTE- DCE INTERFACE: Data terminal Equipment (DTE), Data Circuit - Terminating Equipment (DEC), Standards, EIA-232 Interface; OTHER INTERFACE STANDARDS: EIA-530, X21; MOODEMS; Transmission rate, Modem standards; 56k MODAMS:Traditional Modams,56Modems;UNIT 4:COMMUNICATION MIDIA: GUIDED MEDIA: Twisted pair cable, Coaxial cable, Optical Fiber cable; UNGUIDED MEDIA: Radio frequency allocation, Propagation of Radio waves, Terrestrial microwave, Satellite communication, Cellular Telephony; TRANSMISSION IMPAIRMENTS : Attenuation , Distortion, Noise ;PERFORMANCE: Throughput, Propagation Speed, Propagation time;UNIT 5:MULTIPLEXING: FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (FDM). TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (TDM); Inverse Multiplexing, WAVE- DIVISION MULTIPLEXING, MULTIPLEXING APPICATION : THE TELEPHONE SYSTEM: Common carrier services and hierarchies, Analog services, Digital Services; DIGITAL SUBCRIBER LINE(DSL):ADSL, RADSL, HSDL, SDSL, VDSL; FTTC:FTTC in the Telephone Network, FTTC in the Cable TV Network.UNIT 6:DATA COMPRESSION: Huffman code, Run -Length Encoding, Relative Encoding, Lempel-Ziv Encoding, Image Compression, JPEG, MPEGText Books:Data Communication and Networking by Behrouz A.Forouzan, 4th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Understanding Data Communication and Networks by William A. Shay, 2ND Edition , Vikas Publishing House.Reference Book:Electronic communication Systems by Kenney.Communication Systems by Singh and SapreData communication by Fred Halsall, Pearson Education.55CS2: Numerical ComputingPolynomial Equation : Newton -Raphson method, Regula Falsi Method, Bairstow method, Multipoint iteration method, Convergence/ Rate of Convergence of iterative method, Evaluation of Multiple & complex roots. Simultaneous equations.Linear System and Matrices Gauss elimination with pivoting, Gauss- Seidal iteration,Triangularization/ Cholesky methos, Iterative determination of Eigen values. Interpolation & Approximation: Lagrange's divaricates interpolation , Least squares approximation, Uniform approximation , Rational Approximation, Hermite Iterpolation. Differentiation / Integration: Doubleintegrals by Trapezoidal & Simpson rule, Methods of undermined coefficients for numerical integration, GaussOLegendre, Gauss- Hermite formula, Romberg Integration, Approximation of derivates, Richardson's Extrapolation. Differential Equations: Initial value problems by Euler's method, Picard's, Taylor series, Runge- Kutta methods, Predictor- Corrector methods, Boundary value problems (Second order)by finite difference methods.Related topics: Simplex method for linear programming programming problems,Errors & Method of errors analysis.Text Books:Numerical methods for Scientific and Engg. Computations by M.K. Jain, SRK Iyengar, R.K.Jain , Wiley Eastern Ltd.Numerical methods for Science & Engg. By Stanton R.G. PHIIntroductory Methods of Numerical Analysis by Sastry S.S.PHI.55CS3: Object Oriented MethodologiesUNIT 1:The Object Oriented ParadigmWhat is Object Orientation ?, What is Object Oriented Development ?, The Object Oriented Themes ;The Object modeling Technique (OMT).Object ModelingObjects and Classes; Links and Association ; Advanced Links and Associations Concepts; Generalization and Inheritance; Grouping Constructs; A Sample Object Model. Advanced Object Modeling Aggregation; Abstract and Concrete Classes;Generalization as Extension and Restriction ;Multiple Inheritance; Metadata; Candidate Keys.UNIT 2:Dynamic ModelingEvents and States; Operations; Nested State Diagrams; Concurrency of State; Advanced Dynamic Modeling Concepts; A Sample Dynamic Model; Relation of Dynamic Model to Object Model .Functional Modeling The Functional Model; The Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) ; Properties of DFD; Construction of DFD; Specifying Operations; Constraints; A Sample Functional Model; Relationship between the Object, Dynamic and the Functional Models.UNIT 3:Pre- Analysis the need for Pre-Analysis ; Pre -Analysis Steps: Interviews, Questionnaire, Observation, Documentation and Notations; the Bus Stop Problem Domain Example. Analysis: The Analysis Overview ; the Problem Statement; the ATM example; Object Modeling in ATM; Dynamic Modeling in ATM; Functional Modeling in ATM; Adding Operations; Iterating Analysis ; Recording Analysis.UNIT 4:DesignHow does Design differ from Analysis ? The Logical and Physical Design ; Qualities and Objectives of Analysis and Design; Measurable Objectives in Design; Planning for Design. System Design Overview of System Design; Breaking System into Subsystems; Identifying Software Control Implementation; Handling Boundary Conditions; Setting Trade-Off Priorities; Common Architectural Frame Works; the Architecture of ATM System.UNIT 5:The object design paradigm:Overview of Object Design; Class Specifications; Interfaces; Criteria for Good Design; Designing Algorithms; Design Optimization ; Implementation of Control ; Adjustment of Inheritance; Design of Associations; Integrity Constraints; Object Representations ; physical Packaging; Documenting Design Decision.UNIT 6:The Human Computer InteractionWhat is Human Computer Interaction ? Qualities of Good User Interface; Approaches to User Interface Design; the Standards and Legal requirements. The Programming Style the subject-Oriented Style; Extensibility and Robustness; Programming -in-the-Large; Last Binding and Early Binding. Reusable Components What is meant by Reuse ?, Why Reuse ? , Planning Strategy for Reuse; the Reusability approaches.Software Development Methodologies The Method and the Methodology; Why use Methodology ? the Unified Software Development Process; Participative Design Approaches ; Issues in Choosing Methodology; Hard Vs Soft Methodologies.(Practical Implementation in "c++")Text Books:Object Oriented Modeling and Design; James Rumbaugh, Michael Blaha, Pearson Education.REFERENCES:Object Oriented System Analysis and Design using UML; Second Edition ; Simon Bennett, Steve McRobb, Ray Farmmer ; Tata McGraw Hill ; 2004.Object Oriented Analysis and Design with Application ;Second Edition ; Grady Booch ;Pearson Education.Object Oriented Analysis and Design; Andrew Haigh; Tata McGraw Hill;200155CS4: Concept in Programming LanguageUNIT IDefinition of Programming Language , Implementation of high -level languages, Data elements , binding time , binding identifiers to names, binding of attributes, Binding time. Concept of r-value and I- value and their implementation . Effect of Environment on a language, Language paradigms. Language translation issues.UNIT IIData type, Type checking and type conversion, elements of specification and implementation of data type . . Implementation of elementary data types; integer, real, character, Boolean Pointer, enumerated type Implementation of structured data types. Vectors & arrays, sets, Files.UNIT IIIAbstract data type, encapsulation . Implementation of new data types, Subprogram definition and activation, their Implementation, parameter passing methods, generic subprograms, Scope rules.Unit IVType equivalence, type definitions with parameters , Implementation of Inheritance. Storage management issues like static and dynamic allocation, stack based allocation and management, Heap based allocation and management.UNIT VSequence control, Implicit and explicit sequence control, Sequencing with arithmetic expression, Sequence control between statements, prime programs, implementation of case statement.UNIT VISubprogram sequence control, recursive and non recursive subprogram. Data control , referring environment, dynamic and static scope, static chain implementation and display implementation.BOOKS:§ Programming Languages, 1st edition by T.W. Pratt and M.V.Zelkowitz &T.V. Gopal by Pearson Education, 2006§ Programming Languages, Ravi Sethi, Addison Wesley.55CS5: System ProgrammingUNIT I:IBM 360/370 & Assembler- Introduction to System Programming & its components. M/C Architecture, Data Formats & Register Formats, Concept of assembler, design of single pass and two pass assembler.UNIT II:Microprocessor -concept of macro , macro call within macro, macro definition within macro, recursive macro calls, design of macro processor.UNIT III:Linker and Loader- concept of static and dynamic relocation , external symbols, design of linker, design of object file for different loading schemes.UNIT IV:Common Object file format & System Utilities - Structure of object file and executable file, section or segment headers, symbol table , concept of storage class, string various, data type line insert, character, arrays structures . Source code control system, make , link editor, symbolic debugger.UNIT V:Unix Device Drivers- Definition, Anatomy and Types, Device programming, Installation, Incorporation of driver routines, Basic device driver operation, Implementation with Line Printer & Disk , Comparative study between device drivers for UNIX & Windows.UNIT VI :Compiler- Phases of Compilers, Overview of Databases and Algorithms required for all phases. Role of lexical analyzer, recognition of tokens, Study of LEX &YACC.BOOKS:System Programming-J.J.Donovan.System Programming and Operating system - D.M. Dhamdhere.Unix system Utilities manual.Unix Programming Environment- Keringham and Pike, Pearson Education.Unix Device Drivers - George Pajari , Pearson Education.SYLLABUS OF VI SEMESTER B.E. COMPUTER SCIENCE (SEMESTER PATTERN)66CS1: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMSUNIT I:Mathematical foundations, summation of arithmetic and geometric series, n, n2, bounding summation using integration, recurrence relations, solution of recurrence relations using technique of characteristic equation and generating functions, Complexity calculation of various standard function s, principles of designing algorithms.UNIT II:Asymptotic notations of analysis of algorithms, analyzing control structures, worst case and average case analysis , amortised analysis, application of amoterized analysis, Sorting networks, comparison networks, biotonic sorting network, advanced data structures link Fibonacci heap , disjoint set reprentation, red and black trees and their applications.UNIT III:Divide and conquer basic strategy, binary search, quick sort, merge sort, matrix operations, Greedy method- basic strategy, application to job sequencing with deadlines problem, minimum cost spanning trees, single source shortest path etc.UNIT VI:Dynamic Programming basic strategy, multistage graphs, all pairs shortest path, single source shortest paths, optimal binary search trees, traveling salesman problem, graph colouring , Hamiltonian cycles etc, Approximation algorithm and concepts based on approximation algorithms.UNIT VI:NP-hard and NP- complete problems, basic concepts, non-deterministic algorithms, NP- hard and NP- complete, decision and optimization problems, graph based problems on NP Principle, Computational Geometry, Approximation algorithm.Text Books· Thomas H. Cormen et al "Introduction to Algorithms" , Prentice Hall of India.· Design & Analysis of Computer Algorithms by Aho, Pearson education. Horowitz, Sahani , Rajsekharam· "Computer Algorithms", Galgotia Publications Pvt. Ltd. Brassard , Bratley, "Fundamentals of Algorithms" ,Prentice Hall.Reference Books:· Computer Algorithems: Introduction to Desing and analysis, 3rd Edition , By Sara Baase & A.V. Gelder Pearson Education.66CS2: Database Management SystemsUNIT I:Database system concepts and Architecture- concept of relational database, Relational algebra, SQL- the relational database standard, introduction to PL/SQL.UNIT II:Database design theory- Functional dependencies and normalization, relational database design algorithms, practical database design and demoralization, Relational constants, programmatic ways for implementing constraints, tiggers.UNIT III:Physical database design- concept of physical and logical hierarchy, storage structures link cluster, index organized table, partitions, various table storage parameters, concept of index , B-trees, hash index, function index ,bitmap index.UNIT IV:Process and memory management in database: Various type of tasks in database, database buffer management, log buffer management code reuse, concept of two tier and N-tier architecture, data dictionary and catalog information database recovery technique. Aries Algorithm for recovery.UNIT V:Query optimization and performance tuning - Various techniques for query optimization strong and weak equivalence, cost base optimization, Use of different storage structures in query optimization.UNIT VI:Transaction Processing- Transaction and system concepts, Desirable properties of transaction, Schedules and recoverability, serializability of schedules, concurrency control, lockbase protocols and time stamp based protocols , red consistency.BOOKS:· Fundamentals of Database System- Elmasiri, Navathe & Gupta, Pearson Education.· Database System by S.K.Singh, Pearson Education.· Principles of Database System- Ullman, Golgotia Publications 1998.REFERENCE BOOKS:Database System Concepts by Henry Korth and Others.Database Systems by Connolly, 3rd edition, Pearson Education.66CS3: computer networksUNIT I:Uses of Computer Networks, Network Hardware:- LAN, WAN, MAN ,Network Software- protocol hierarchies, design issues for layers, connection oriented and connection oriented and connection less service primitives, Services to protocol relationship . reference models-OSI and TCP/IP . Performance : Bandwidth and Latency, Delay X Bandwidth Product, High Speed Networks, Application Performance Needs.UNIT II:Switching and MAC Layer: Packet Switching: Multiplexing: TDM FDM.Multiple Access: Random Access, Controlled Access, Channelization, LAN: Token Ring, FDDI, Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, Wireless LANs: IEEE 80.211.UNIT III:Data Link Layer : Error Detection and Correction, Flow Control protocols, Error control protocols, HDLC, PPP.UNIT IV:Network Layer: Routing Algorithms - Shortest path Algorithm, Flooding, Flow based routing , Distance vector routing , Link state routing , Hierarchical routing.Congestion Control Algorithms: Leaky bucket algorithm, Token bucket algorithm . Congestion prevention Policies, Traffic shaping , Choke packets, Load shedding, Jitter Control.UNIT V:Transport Layer: The transport Service : Service Provided to upper layers, Transport Service primitives, Berkeley sockets, Elements of Transport protocols: Addressing, Connection establishment, Connection release, Flow control and buffering, Multiplexing, Crash recovery, Introduction to Internet Transport protocols: Introduction to UDP, Remote procedure call, Introduction to TCP, Performance issues: Performance problems in Computer Network, Network performance measurement, System design for better performance, Fast TPDU processing, Protocols for Gigabit Networks.UNIT VI:Wide Area Network : Packet switching principals, X.25, ATM and frame relay: ATM protocol Architecture, cells, cell format, Segmentation and reassembly in ATM, ATM adaptation Layer 5:Introduction to Frame relay and frame relay protocol architecture.TEXT BOOK:· Computer Networks: 4th ed by Andrew .S. Tanenbaum, Pearson Education.· Data Communications and Networks: 4th ed by Behrouz. A. Forouzan. Tata McGraw Hill Publication.· Computer Networks: A system approach by Larry L. Peterson and Bruce S. Davie, 3rd Edition, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.· Data & Computer Communications: William Stallings, Sixth Edition, Pearson Edition Asia.REFERENCE BOOK:· Communication Networks: By Alberto Leon -Garcia & Indara Widjaja, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill.·66CS4: MICROPROCESSOR & INTERFACINGUNIT I:8085 based Microprocessor organization , 8085 Instruction set , Assembly language programming.UNIT II:Memory & I/O organization, Address decoding, interrupts of 8085, Basic timing of 8085.UNIT III:8085 Interfacing with 8255, Sample keyboard matrix interfacing with 8085,Interfacing of 7 segments LED with 8085,Introduction to DAM using HOLD/HLDA Signals.UNIT IV:8279 Keyboard/ display controller, Interfacing of Stepper motor with 8085.UNIT V:8051 architecture, code/ data memory interfacing, I/O interfacing, Address decoding logic , Interrupts.UNIT VI:Serial data communication, UART operation, 8051 Instruction set, assembly language programming.TEST BOOKS:§ Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Applications with 8085/8080 A by R.S. Gaonkar, Wiley Eastern Ltd.§ The 8051 Microcontroller & Embedded Systems. By Mazidi , Pearson Education.§ The 8051 Microcontroller, Architecture, programming & applications, second edition by K.J. Ayala, Penram International.§ Microcontrollers: Architecture, Programming , Interfacing & System design by Rajkamal, Pearson Education.§ The 8 bit microprocessor & Microcontroller by V.J. Vibhute.··66CS5: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND PROJECT MANAGEMECOURSE MODULES:MODULELEARNING OBJECTIVEINDICATIVE HOURSSoftware Engineering an IntroductionIntroduction to Software Engineering, Software Myths, Software Engineering- A Layered Technology, Software Process Framework, Software Process Models. The waterfall Model, Incremental Process Models, Evolutionary Process Models, Specialized Process Models, The Unified Process Model, Agile Process Models.8Software Engineering PracticeAn Overview, Communication Practices, Planning Practices, Modeling Practices, Construction Practice & Deployment, System Engineering Hierarchy, Business Process Engineering, Product Engineering, System Modeling, Requirements Engineering.7Software Engineering Analysis & DesignAn overview, Requirements analysis, analysis Modeling Approaches, Data Modeling, Object- Oriented Analysis, Scenario- Based Modeling, Flow- Oriented Modeling, Class- based Modeling, Behavioral Model.Design Engineering Concepts, Design Model, Pattern- Based Software Design.8Testing Strategies and TacticsAn overview, Unit Testing, Integration Testing, Validation Testing, System Testing Debugging.Software Testing Fundamentals, Black- Box Testing, White- Box Testing .5Product MetricsAn overview, Software Quality, A Framework for Product Metrics, Metrics for Analysis & Design Models, Metrics for Testing & Maintenance.7Software Project ManagementAn overview, Software Measurements, Metrics for Software Quality, Software Project Estimation Techniques, Project Scheduling, Risk Management, Quality Management, Change Management, Software Reengineering.9Total44§ Text Books:§ Software Engineering - A Practitioner's Approach (Sixth Edition )-Roger Pressman(TMH)§ Reference Books:§ Software Engineering (Seventh Edition)- Ian Summerville, Pearson Education.§ The 8 bit microprocessor & Microcontroller by V.J. Vibhute.§ tice by Pfleeger, Pearson Education§ Software Engineering - Schaum's Series (TMH)Object - Oriented Analysis and Design using UML in Rational Rose 2003 Enterprise Edition (Case Studies)Soft6ware Engineering Theory andSYLLABUS OF VII SEMESTER B.E. COMPUTER SCIENCE (SEMESTER PATTERN) 77CS1: TCP/ IP & InternetUNIT I:Introduction and Overview. Comparison of OSI Model and TCP/IP model. Networking Technologies: LANS, WANS, Connecting Devices. Internetworking concept and Architectural model. Internet Backbones, NAP, ISP's, RFC's, internet Standards.UNIT II:Internet Addresses: IP address classes, subnet mask, CIDR, ARP, RARP, Internet Protocol, Routing IP Datagrams, ICMP and IGMP.UNIT III:UDP, TCP, Sockets and socket Programming Routing in Internet, Routing protocols- RIP, OSPF and BGP Introduction to Multicasting and Multicast routing.UNIT IV:Host Configuration :BOOTP, DHCP; Services; Domain Name System ,FTP, TFTP and Electronic Mail: SMTP, MIME, IMAP, POP.UNIT V:Network Management: SNMP, WWW: HTTP, Mobile IP Multimedia: RTP, RTCP.UNIT VI:Middiewares: RPC, RMI, Introduction to IPv6and ICMPv6, Internet Security: IPSec, PGP, Firewalls, SSL.BOOKS:Internetworking and TCP/IP: Principles, Protocols and Architectures, Douglas Comer, Pearson Education.TCP/IP Protocol suite, Behrouz A. Forouzan, Third Edition TMH.Computer Networking- Atop- Down Approach Featuring the Internet, James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross, Pearson Education, Asia.Computer Network: A system approach by LARRY L. Peterson and Bruce S. Davie, 3rd Edition , Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.Reference Book:Stevens W.R. TCP/IP IIIustrated, volume1,2,3, Pearson education.Book for Practical:"Hands- On Networking with Internet Technologies" by Douglas E. Comer, Pearson Education, Asia, 2002.··77CS2: Language ProcessorsUNIT I:Introduction to Compilers : Compilers and translators, Phases of compiler design , cross compiler, Bootstrapping, Design of Lexical analyzer, LEX.UNIT II:Syntax Analysis: Specification of syntax of programming languages using CFG, Top - down parser, design of LL (1)Parser, bottom up parsing technique, LR Parsing algorithm, Design of SLR, LALR, CLR parses.UNIT III:Syntax directed translation : Study of syntax directed definitions & syntax directed translation schemes, implementation of SDTS, intermediate notation : postfix, syntax tree, TAC, translation of expression, controls structures, declarations, procedure calls, Array reference.UNIT IV:Storage allocation & Error Handling: Run time storage administration, stack allocation, symbol table management, Error detection and recovery : lexical, syntactic, semantic.UNIT V:Code optimization : Important code optimization techniques, loop optimization, control flow analysis, data flow analysis Loop invariant computation, Induction variable removal, Elimination of Common sub expression.UNIT VI:Code generation - Problems code generation , Simple code generator, Register allocation and assignment, Code generation from DAG, Peephole optimization.TEXT BOOKS:§ Compilers: Principles Techniques and Tools 1st edition by A.V. Aho, Sethi, Ullman, Pearson education.§ Principal of Compiler Design - Alfred V. Aho & Jeffery D. Ullman, Narosa Pub. House.77CS3: Elective I:- Digital Signal Processing:UNIT I:Basic elements of a Digital Signal Processing system, Classification of signals, Concept of frequency in Continous-time and discrete - time singles, Sampling theorem, Quantization of continous-amplitude signals, quantization of sinusoidal signals. Discrete- time signals, Discrete-time systems, Analysis of discrete-time LTI systems, Correlation of discrete-time signals.UNIT II:The Z-transform, Properties, Rational Z-transforms, The inverse Z-transform by Contour Integration , Power series expansion, Partial- faction expansion, Decomposition of rational Z-transforms, One sided Z- transform, Properties, Solution of difference equations.UNIT III:Frequency analysis of Continous- time signals, Frequency analysis of discrete- time signals, Fourier series for discrete- time periodic signals, Power density spectrum of periodic signals, Fourier transform of Discrete- time aperiodic signals, Energy density spectrum of aperiodic signals, Concept of bandwidth, Symmetry properties of the Fourier transform theorems and properties.UNIT IV:The Discrete Fourier Transform : Its properties and application , Frequency domain sampling: The DFT, Properties of the DFT, Linear filtering methods based on the DFT, Use of THE DFT in linear filtering ,Filtering of long data sequences, Frequency analysis of signals using the DFT.UNIT V:Introduction to FFT algorithms: Decimation in time - FFT algorithm, Decimation in frequency- FFT algorithm, Quantization effect in the computation of the DFT, Quantization errors in the direct computation of the DFT, Quantization errors in FFT algorithms, DCT.UNIT VI:Design of digital filters: Design of FIR filters based on windows, Design of IIR filters from analog filters, IIR filter design by approximation of derivatives, Impulse invariance, Bilinear transformation, Examples of digital filter designs based on the bilinear transformationText Books:§ Digital Signal Processing : Alan V. Oppenheim .W. Schaffer, Pearson Education.§ Digital Signal Processing: John G. Proakies and D. Monalkies & D. Sharma, Pearson Education.Reference Books:§ Digital Signal Processing , 2nd Edition by E. Pearson Education.§ Theory and application of signal processing -Rabiner & Gold (PHI) .§ Digital filter design and analysis- Andreas Antonius.77CS3: Elective I:- Computer GraphicsUNIT I:Basic fundamentals of random scan, raster- scan devices and LAD displays. Video Basics , Interactive Devices. Line, Circle, Ellipse drawing techniques and Algorithms.UNIT II:Polygon filling method : Scan Conversion Algorithms: Simple Ordered edge Fill, Fence fill and Edge Fill, Fence fill and Edge Flag Algorithm, Seed fill Algorithms: Simple and Scan Line Seed Fill Algorithm, Antialiasing and Halftoning techniques.UNIT III:2D Clipping algorithms for regular and irregular windows: Sutherland Cohen Subdivision, Mid - Point subdivision , Cyrus Beck and Sutherland Hodgman polygon clipping Algorithm. Clipping about Concave regions. 2D Transformations, Normalized Device Coordinates and Viewing Transformation.UNIT IV:3D System Basics and 3D Transformations, Prarallel and Perspective projections, Hidden line/ surface Removal Algorithms. Rendering- Shading, Ray tracing techniques and Color Systems.UNIT V:Curve generation- Interpolation Technique, B-spline and Bezier curves, Graphics Software Packages- Rules for designing Graphics Package, Segmentation and Display file Compilation.UNIT VI:Graphics Systems- Display Processors, Device Independent Graphics Systems, User Interface Design. Graphics Standard -Basic principles of X-windows, X-terminal.Test Books :§ Computer Graphics, Hearn and Baker, Pearson Education§ Procedural Elements of Computer Graphics III Edition, Rogers, McGraw Hill.§ Principles of Interactive Computer Graphics, Newman and Sproull, McGraw Hill.Reference Books:Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice in "C" by J.D. Foley Pearson Education.77CS3: Elective- I:- Real Time Operating SystemsUNIT I :Introduction : Car & driver example, Issues in real time systems, Structure of a Real time systems ,Structure of a Real time system. Hard versus soft real time systems: Jobs & processors, release times, deadlines, timing , constraints, Hard & Soft timing constrains, Hard real time systems, soft real time systems. A Reference model of Real-time systems: processors and resources, temporal parameters of real-time workload, periodic Task model, precedence constraints & data dependencies other types of dependencies, functional parameters, resource parameters of Jobs & parameters of resources, scheduling Hierarchy.UNIT II:Effective release times and deadlines, Optimality and non optimality of EDF & LST, Challenges in validating timing constraints in priority- driven systems, off-line versus on-line scheduling. Clock- driven scheduling, Priority driven scheduling of periodic tasks.UNIT III:Scheduling aperiodic & sporadic jobs in priority-driven systems: Deferrable servers, Sporadic servers , Constant utilization, total bandwidth and weighted fair-queuing servers, scheduling of sporadic jobs. Resource and resource access control : assumption on resources and their usage, effects of resource contention & resources access control, non preemptive critical sections, basic priority- inheritance protocol, basic priority - ceiling protocol, stack- based priority-ceiling protocol, use of priority-ceiling protocol in dynamic-priority systems, preemption- ceiling protocol, controlling accesses to multiple- unit resources.UNIT IV:Model of multiprocessor & distributed systems, Task assignment, Multiprocessor priority- ceiling protocol, Elements of scheduling algorithms for end-to end periodic tasks, Scheduability of fixed priority end-to-end periodic tasks, end-to- end tasks in heterogeneous systems.Programming Languages and Tools: Desired language characteristics, Data typing , control structures, Facilitating hierarchjical decomposition, packages, Run time error handling , Overloading and generics, Multitasking , Lowlevel programming, Task scheduling, Timming specifications, Programming environments, Run time support.UNIT V:Real Time Database: Introduction, Basic Definations, real time vs. general purpose databases, main memory databases, Transaction priorities, Transaction aborts, concurrency control issues, disk schedulinh algorithms, maintaining serialization consistency, database for hard real time systemsReal Time Communication : Introduction, Network Topologies, Contention based protocol, token based protocol, Stop and go protocol, Polled bus protocol, Hierarchical round pro5tocol, Deadline based protocols, Fault tolerant routing.UNIT VI:Fault Tolerance Techniques: Causes of failures, Fault types, Fault detection, Fault and error containment, Redundancy, Data diversity, Reversal checks, Integrated failure handling.TEXT BOOK:§ Real- Time Systems: Jane W.S. Liu, Pearson Education.§ Real Time System: C.M. Krishna & Kang G. Shin (TMH)77CS3: Elective- I: Fundamentals of MultimediaUNIT I:Multimedia Authoring and Data Representations;Introduction to Multimedia, Multimedia Authoring and Tools, Graphics and Image Data Representations.UNIT II:Color in Image and Video, Fundamental Concepts in Video, Basis of Digital Audio.UNIT III:Multimedia Data Compression: Lossless Compression Algorithms, Run-Length Coding, Variable- Length Coding (VLC), Huffman Coding, Adaptive Huffman Coding, Lossy Compression Algorithms, Quantization, Transform Coding, Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Image Compression Standards.UNIT IV:Basic Video Compression Techniques, MPEG Video Coding I-MPEG- I and 2, MPEG Video Coding II- MPEG Video Coding II-MPEG-4,7 and Beyond, MPEG Audio Compression .UNIT V:Multimedia Communication : Computer and Multimedia Networks, Multimedia Network Communications and Applications, Interactive TV (ITV) and Set-Top Box (STB),, Broadcast Schemes for Video-on -Demand, Buffer Management, Further Exploration, Wireless Networks, Multimedia over Wireless Networks, Trends in Wireless Interactive Multimedia.UNIT VI :Multimedia Retrieval: Content - Based Retrieval in Digital Libraries, Minimum three Case studies.Text book :§ Fundamentals of Multimedia 1st Edition by Mark S. Drew & Ze- Nian Li, Pearson Education.Refverence Books:§ Multimedia Fundamentals, Volume 1: Media Coding and Content and Content processing, 2nd Edition by Ralf Steinmetz, Klara Nahrstedt, Pearson Education .§ Multimedia Marking Work (TMH Pub.) by Tay Vaughan.§ Advanced Multimedia Programming (McGraw Hill Pub)- Steve Rimmer§ Digital Image Processing- Gonzalez and Woods, Pearson Education.77CS4::Elewctive I;- Advanced Computer ArchitectureUNIT I:Models of parallel computer, multiprocessors and multicomputers, multivector and SIMP computers, PRAM and VLSI models conditions of parallelism, data and resource dependencies, grain size and latency, grain packing and scheduling , program flow mechanisms, system interconnect architectures.UNIT II:Principles of scalable performance, performance metrics and measures, speedup performance laws, advanced processor technology, superscalar and vector processors, verified memory organizations, shared memory organizations.UNIT III:Pipeline and superscalar techniques, liner pipeline processors, reservation and latency analysis, collision free scheduling, pipeline schedule optimization, instruction pipeline design, arithmetic pipeline design , arithmetic pipeline design, superscalar and superscalar and superpipeline design.UNIT IV:Multiprocessors and multicomputers, multiprocessor system interconnects, cache coherence and synchronization mechanisms, messing passing schemes.UNIT V:Multivector and SIMD computers vector processing principles, compound vector processing, SIMD computer organizations scalable multithread and dataflow architectures.UNIT VI :Introduction to parallel Programming Models, Parallel Language Constructs ,Elementary theory about dependence analysis, Code optimizations and Scheduling.Books:Kai Hiwang, "Advanced Computer Architecture" McGraw Hill Richard Y.Kausi, "Advanced Computer Architecture" Prentice Hall of India.Advanced Computer Architecture by D. Sima, Fountain & Kacsuk, 1st Edition, Pearson Education.77CS4: Elective-II:-Artificial IntelligenceUNIT I:Introduction: Scope of AI, AI problems, AI technique, Production system Characteristics, Basics of problem solving :problem representation paradigms Defining problem as a state space representation.UNIT II:Search Techniques: Problem size, complexity , approximation and search; depth, breadth and best search; Heuristic Based Search; Heuristic search, Hill climbing, best - first search, branch and bound.UNIT III:Knowledge representation: First order logic, Unification , Resolution in Predicate Logic.Structured Knowledge Representation: Semantic Nets, Frames and Scripts.Learning : Block architecture of learning system, Types of learning, performance Measures.UNIT IV:Uncertainty Treatment: Formal and empirical approaches including Bayesian theory, belief functions, certainty factors and fuzzy sets.UNIT V:Expert Systems: Fundamental blocks, knowledge Engineering, knowledge Acquisition , Need and justification for expert systems, Detailed Discussion form Example Domains- (form)Industry, Language, Medicine, Verification, Vision, Knowledge Based Systems; concept of shells.UNIT VI:Language Machine: Introduction to Natural Language understanding Level of knowledge in NLU, Approaches to NLU, Problems in NLU, Basic parsing techniques.Text Books:E. Rich and Knight, Artificial Intelligence, Tata McGraw Hill, 1990.Introduction to Artifitial Intelligence by E. Charniack and D. Mcdemott, Pearson Education.Artifitial Intelligence structures and strategies for complex problem solving, 4th edition, Pearson education.Stuart Russell and Peter Norving, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 2nd edition, Pearson Education.Introduction to Artificial Intelligence & Expert system (PHI Pub)- D.W.Patterson.Reference Books:N.J.Nilsson, " Principles of AI,"Narosa Publ. House, 1990.P.H.Winston, "Artificial Intelligence", Pearson Education, 3rd Edition, 2002.M.N.Hoda, "Foundation Course in Artificial Intelligence", Vikas Pub, 2004.77CS4: Elective:-II:- Enterprise Resource PlanningCourse Modules:ModuleLearning ObjectiveIndicative HoursERP- Curtain RaiserAn overview, Accommodating variety, Integrated Management Information, Seamless Integration, Supply Chain Management, Resource Management, Integrated data model, scope, Technology, Benefits of ERP, Evolution, ERP revised, ERP & Modern Enterprise, problems.6ERP& Related TechnologiesAn overview, Business Process Reengineering(BPR), Management Information System(MIS), Decision Support Systems (DSS), Executive Information System (EIS), Data Warehousing, Data Mining, OLAP.6Business Engineering & ERPAn overview, What is Business Engineering (B.E.)? Significance of BE, Principles of BE, BPR, ERP & IT, BE with IT, ERP and Management concerns, problems.Business Modeling: An overview, Building the Business Model, problems.6ERP Implementation and the Competitive AdvantageAn overview, Role of consultants, vendors & users, customization, precautions, ERP: Post- implementation options, ERP implementation Lifecycle, Guidelines for ERP implementation problems. ERP & competitive strategy, problems.8The ERP Market & Making of ERPAn overview, SAP AG , SAPR/3 Applications, Baan, Oracle, People Soft, JD Edwards, Examples of Indian ERP packages, problems.An overview, Market Dynamics & Competitive Strategy, problems, Future Directions in ERP.8ERP Case StudiesVarious ERP Case studies.6Total40Text Books:
abbreviations abiogenically abnormalities abolitionisms abolitionists abortifacient absorbability absquatulated absquatulates abstractional abusivenesses accelerations accelerometer accentuations acceptability acceptingness accessibility accessorising accessorizing acciaccaturas acclimatising acclimatizers acclimatizing accommodating accommodation accommodative accommodators accompaniment accomplishers accomplishing accordionists accouchements accountancies accouterments accoutrements accreditation acculturating acculturation acculturative accumulations accustomation acetaldehydes acetaminophen acetazolamide acetification acetonitriles acetylcholine achlorhydrias achromatizing acidification acknowledging acquaintances acquiescences acquiescently acquisitional acquisitively acrimoniously acrobatically acronymically acrylonitrile actinometries actinomorphic actinomycetes actinomycoses actinomycosis actinomycotic actualization acupuncturist adaptednesses adiabatically adjudications adjustability admeasurement administering administrable administrants administrated administrates administrator admirableness admissibility admonishingly admonishments adorabilities adrenalectomy adrenochromes adulterations adumbratively adventuresome adventuresses adventuristic adventurously adversariness adversatively adversenesses advertisement advertizement advisableness aerobiologies aerodynamical aeroembolisms aeromechanics aeromedicines aesthetically aestheticians aestheticisms aestheticized aestheticizes affectability affectionally affectionless affectivities affenpinscher affirmatively affordability afforestation afterthoughts agamospermies agelessnesses aggiornamento agglomerating agglomeration agglomerative agglutinating agglutination agglutinative agglutinogens aggregateness aggregational aggregatively aggrievements agonistically agranulocytes agreeableness agrichemicals agriculturist agrochemicals agroforesters agronomically ailurophobias aimlessnesses airfreighting airlessnesses airsicknesses airworthiness alchemistical alcoholically aldolizations aldosteronism algebraically alimentations alkalimetries allegorically allelomorphic allelopathies allergenicity alliterations allomorphisms allopolyploid allotypically alphabetizers alphabetizing alphanumerics alternatively amalgamations amativenesses ambassadorial ambidexterity ambiguousness ambisexuality ambitiousness ameliorations amenabilities amiablenesses amicabilities aminoaciduria aminophylline amitriptyline amniocenteses amniocentesis amorousnesses amorphousness amortizations amphibologies amphictyonies amphidiploids amphidiploidy amphiploidies amphiprostyle amphitheaters amphitheatric amplification amusingnesses amyloidosises anachronistic anachronously anaerobically anagrammatize analogousness analphabetics analphabetism analyticities analyzability anaphorically anaphrodisiac anaphylactoid anathematized anathematizes anchorpersons ancientnesses andouillettes androsterones anecdotalisms anecdotalists anecdotically anencephalies anesthetizing anfractuosity angelologists angiographies angioplasties angiospermous anglicization animadversion animadverting animalization animatenesses anisometropia anisometropic anisotropisms annexationist annihilations anniversaries announcements annunciations anomalousness anonymousness antediluvians antepenultima anthelmintics anthologizers anthologizing anthophyllite anthranilates anthraquinone anthropogenic anthropometry anthropomorph anthropophagi anthropophagy anthroposophy antiacademics antiaircrafts antiapartheid antiarthritic antiarthritis antiauthority antibacterial antibillboard antiblackisms antibourgeois anticatalysts anticellulite anticigarette anticipatable anticipations anticlassical anticlericals anticlimactic anticlockwise anticoagulant anticollision anticolonials anticommunism anticommunist anticonsumers anticorporate anticorrosion anticorrosive antidesiccant antidiarrheal antielectrons antiepileptic antiestrogens antievolution antifeminisms antifeminists antifertility antiforeigner antiformalist antifrictions antigenically antiglobulins antigravities antiguerrilla antihistamine antihumanisms antihysterics antiliterates antilittering antilogarithm antimacassars antimalarials antimarijuana antimechanist antimetabolic antimicrobial antimodernist antinarrative antinepotisms antineutrinos antinomianism antinovelists antiobesities antiobscenity antiparasitic antiparticles antipersonnel antipesticide antiphonaries antipleasures antipolitical antipollution antipredators antipruritics antipsychotic antirecession antirejection antireligious antirheumatic antiritualism antiromantics antiroyalists antisatellite antiscorbutic antisexuality antislaveries antismuggling antisocialist antispasmodic antisubmarine antisymmetric antiterrorism antiterrorist antithrombins anxiousnesses aortographies apathetically apatosauruses aperiodically aphrodisiacal apiculturists apocalyptical apocalyptisms apocalyptists apodictically apomictically apostrophised apostrophises apostrophized apostrophizes apotheosizing appealability appellatively apperceptions applicability applicatively appoggiaturas apportionable apportionment appraisements appreciations apprehensible apprehensibly apprehensions appropriately appropriating appropriation appropriative appropriators approximately approximating approximation approximative appurtenances aptitudinally aquaculturist arabicization arbitrariness arbitrational arborescences arboriculture arborizations archaeologies archaeologist archaeopteryx archbishopric archduchesses archegoniates archeological archeologists archidiaconal archimandrite archipelagoes architectonic architectural architectures arduousnesses argentiferous argumentation argumentative aristocracies arithmetician armamentarium aromaticities aromatization arsenopyrites arsphenamines arteriography arteriovenous arthritically arthropathies arthroscopies articulations artificiality artlessnesses ascertainable ascertainment aspergilloses aspergillosis asphyxiations assassinating assassination assassinators assemblagists assemblywoman assemblywomen assertiveness asseverations assiduousness assignability assimilations assistantship associateship associational associatively associativity assortatively assurednesses asthenosphere asthmatically astonishingly astonishments astringencies astrocytomata astronautical astrophysical asynchronisms asyndetically atavistically atheistically atherogeneses atherogenesis atomistically atrociousness attainability attentiveness attitudinally attitudinised attitudinises attitudinized attitudinizes attorneyships attractancies attributional attributively atypicalities audaciousness audiocassette augmentations augmentatives auscultations austerenesses autecological authentically authenticated authenticates authenticator authoritarian authoritative authorization autobiography autocatalyses autocatalysis autocatalytic autocephalies autocephalous autochthonous autoeroticism autoinfection automatically automobilists automorphisms autonomically autopolyploid autoradiogram autorotations autosuggested autoxidations availableness averagenesses aviculturists avocationally avoirdupoises awesomenesses awkwardnesses axiologically axiomatically axisymmetries azathioprines baccalaureate bacchanalians bachelorettes bachelorhoods backcountries backgrounders backgrounding backpedalling backscattered backstabbings backstitching backstretches bacteriologic bacteriolyses bacteriolysis bacteriolytic bacteriophage bacteriophagy bacteriostats bacterization balefulnesses balkanization balletomanias ballhandlings ballistically bamboozlement banderilleros bankabilities bantamweights barbarianisms barbarization barbarousness barefacedness baroreceptors bashfulnesses basidiomycete basidiospores basifications bathymetrical battlegrounds bearabilities beardednesses bearishnesses beastlinesses beatification beauteousness beautifulness bedazzlements befuddlements behavioristic belatednesses beleaguerment believability belittlements bellicosities belligerences belligerently belongingness beneficiaries beneficiating beneficiation benightedness benzaldehydes benzimidazole benzoapyrenes benzophenones bestsellerdom betweenbrains betweennesses betweenwhiles bewilderingly bewilderments bibliographer bibliographic bibliolatries bibliolatrous bibliomaniacs bibliopegists bibliophilies bibliophilism bibliopolists bibliotherapy bicameralisms bicentenaries bicentennials biconcavities biconditional biconvexities biculturalism biddabilities bidirectional bilateralisms bildungsroman bilingualisms biliousnesses billingsgates bimetallistic bimillenaries bimillennials bimolecularly bindingnesses bioactivities biochemically biocompatible bioconversion biodegradable bioelectrical bioenergetics bioengineered biogeographer biogeographic biomechanical biometricians biophysicists bioscientific bioscientists biostatistics biosystematic biotechnology biotelemetric bipartisanism bipropellants birefringence bisectionally bisexualities bitterbrushes bittersweetly bizarrenesses blabbermouths blackguarding blackguardism blacksmithing blamelessness blandishments blanketflower blasphemously blastomycoses blastomycosis blastulations blatherskites blepharoplast blepharospasm blessednesses blockbustings bloodcurdling bloodlessness bloodlettings bluestockings blunderbusses boardinghouse boardsailings boatbuildings boddhisattvas bodybuildings bombastically bonnyclabbers bookbinderies bookishnesses boorishnesses bootstrapping borosilicates bottlebrushes bottlenecking bougainvillea bouillabaisse boulevardiers boundednesses boundlessness bounteousness bountifulness bourguignonne boustrophedon boysenberries brachycephaly brachypterous braillewriter brainchildren brainlessness brainstormers brainstorming brainwashings breadboarding breadwinnings breakthroughs breaststroker breaststrokes breathability breathinesses breechloaders brilliantines brinkmanships brinksmanship brittlenesses brokenhearted bromocriptine bronchoscopes bronchoscopic bronchospasms broncobusters brotherliness brusquenesses brutalization brutishnesses buffalofishes bullfightings bullishnesses bumptiousness bureaucracies bureaucratese bureaucratise bureaucratism bureaucratize burglariously businesswoman businesswomen butterfingers buttonhooking butyraldehyde butyrophenone cabinetmakers cabinetmaking cachinnations cacographical cacophonously caddishnesses calcification calculatingly calculational calefactories calligraphers calligraphies calligraphist callithumpian callousnesses calorimetries calumniations camerapersons campanologies campanologist camphoraceous campylobacter canalizations cancellations candleberries candleholders candlelighted candlelighter candlesnuffer cannibalising cannibalistic cannibalizing cannonballing canonizations canthaxanthin cantilevering cantillations capablenesses capaciousness capacitations capercaillies capercailzies capillarities capitulations caprification caravansaries caravanserais carbohydrases carbohydrates carboniferous carbonization carbonylation carboxylating carboxylation carburization carcinomatous cardinalities cardinalships cardiographic cardiological cardiologists cardiopathies carefulnesses caricaturists carillonneurs carnivorously carpetbaggers carpetbaggery carpetbagging carryforwards carsicknesses cartelization cartilaginous cartographers cartographies castabilities catabolically catalytically catastrophism catastrophist catatonically catechization catecholamine categorically catercornered catheterizing catholicities catholicizing caulifloweret cauterization cavernicolous ceaselessness cellularities centrifugally centripetally cephalization cephalometric cephaloridine cephalosporin cephalothorax cerebrospinal ceremonialism ceremonialist ceremoniously certificating certification certificatory ceruloplasmin chairmanships chalcogenides chalcopyrites challengingly chameleonlike championships chancelleries chancellories changeability changefulness characterized characterizes characterless charlatanisms charlatanries chastisements chateaubriand checkerboards cheerlessness cheeseburgers cheeseparings chemisorption chemoreceptor chemosurgical chemotaxonomy chemotropisms chesterfields chiaroscurist chieftaincies chieftainship childbearings childlessness childlikeness childproofing chimneypieces chirographers chirographies chiropractics chiropractors chlamydospore chlorenchymas chlorinations chlorobenzene chloroforming chlorohydrins chloropicrins chloroplastic chokecherries cholangiogram cholecystites cholecystitis chondriosomes chondrocrania choreographed choreographer choreographic chorographers chorographies chowderheaded chromatically chromaticisms chromatograms chromatograph chromatolyses chromatolysis chromatolytic chromatophore chromocenters chromonematic chromoprotein chromosomally chromospheres chromospheric chronobiology chronographic chronological chronologists chronometries chronotherapy chrysanthemum chuckleheaded churchmanship churchwardens chymotrypsins cicatrization cinematheques cinematically cinematograph cinquecentist circularising circularities circularizing circumambient circumcenters circumcircles circumcisions circumference circumfusions circumscribed circumscribes circumspectly circumstanced circumstances circumstellar circumvallate circumventing circumvention citifications citricultures civilianizing civilisations civilizations cladistically clairaudience clairvoyances clairvoyantly clamorousness clandestinely clandestinity clapperclawed clarification clarinettists classlessness claudications claustrophobe clavichordist cleanlinesses clearheadedly clearinghouse cleistogamies cleistogamous climactically climatologies climatologist cliometrician clotheshorses clotheslining cloudlessness coacervations coadaptations coagulability coalification coalitionists coastguardman coastguardmen coauthorships cobelligerent cocainization cocarboxylase cocarcinogens cochairperson cockfightings coconspirator cocounselling cocultivating cocultivation codependences codicological codifiability codifications codiscoverers codiscovering coeducational coelenterates coextensively cogenerations cohabitations cohomological coilabilities coldheartedly coleopterists colinearities collaborating collaboration collaborative collaborators collaterality collateralize colleagueship collectedness collectivised collectivises collectivisms collectivists collectivized collectivizes collectorship collenchymata collieshangie collisionally collocational colloquialism colloquiality colonialistic colonializing colonisations colonizations colorfastness colorimetries colorizations colorlessness coltishnesses columniations comanagements combativeness combinational combinatorial combinatorics commandeering commandership commemorating commemoration commemorative commemorators commencements commendations commensalisms commensurable commensurably commercialise commercialism commercialist commerciality commercialize commiserating commiseration commiserative commissariats commissioners commissioning commonalities commonwealths communalities communalizing communicatees communicating communication communicative communicators communicatory communitarian communization commutativity compactnesses companionable companionably companionship companionways comparability comparatively comparativist compartmental compartmented compassionate compatibility compellations compendiously compensations competitively complacencies complainingly complaisances complaisantly complementary complementing complexations complexifying complexnesses complicatedly complications complimentary complimenting compositional comprehending comprehension comprehensive compressional compressively compurgations computability computational computerising computerizing computerphobe comradeliness concanavalins concatenating concatenation conceitedness concelebrants concelebrated concelebrates concentrating concentration concentrative concentrators concentricity conceptualise conceptualism conceptualist conceptuality conceptualize concertedness concertgoings concertmaster concessionary concessioners conchologists conciliations concisenesses conclusionary concomitances concomitantly concrescences concretionary concupiscence concupiscible concurrencies condemnations condensations condescending condescension conditionable conditionally conduciveness conductresses condylomatous confabulating confabulation confabulators confabulatory confectionary confectioners confectionery confederacies confederating confederation confederative conferencings confessionals confidingness configuration configurative confirmations confirmedness confiscatable confiscations conflagration conflictingly conformations confoundingly confraternity confrontation conglobations conglomerated conglomerates conglomeratic conglomerator conglutinated conglutinates congratulated congratulates congratulator congregations congressional congresswoman congresswomen congruousness conidiophores conjecturally conjugalities conjugateness conjugational conjunctional conjunctively connaturality connectedness connotational connotatively connubialisms conquistadors consanguinity conscientious consciousness conscriptions consecrations consecutively consentaneous consequential conservancies conservations conservatisms conservatives conservatized conservatizes conservatoire considerables considerately consideration consignations consistencies consociations consolidating consolidation consolidators conspicuities conspicuously conspirations constellating constellation constellatory consternating consternation constipations constituently constitutions constrainedly constrictions constructible constructions consultancies consultations consumeristic consumerships consummations consumptively containerised containerises containerized containerizes containerless containerport containership contaminating contamination contaminative contaminators contemplating contemplation contemplative contemplators contemporized contemporizes contentedness contentiously contestations contextualize continentally contingencies continuations contortionist contrabandist contrabassist contrabassoon contraception contraceptive contractility contractional contractually contradicting contradiction contradictors contradictory contralateral contraoctaves contrapuntist contrarieties contrastively contravention contributions controversial controversies controverters controverting convalescence convalescents conveniencies conventiclers conventioneer convergencies conversancies conversations conversazione conversazioni convertaplane convertiplane conveyancings conveyorising conveyorizing convocational convolvuluses convulsionary cooperatively coordinations coparcenaries copartnership copiousnesses coplanarities copolymerized copolymerizes coprocessings coproductions coprophiliacs coproprietors copyrightable cordialnesses cordwaineries coreligionist coresearchers coresidential corespondents cornification corporalities corporativism corporealness correctitudes correctnesses correlational correlatively correspondent corresponding corresponsive corrigibility corroborating corroboration corroborative corroborators corroboratory corrosiveness corruptionist corruptnesses corticotropin cosignatories cosmeticizing cosmetologies cosmetologist cosmochemical cosmochemists cosmographers cosmographies cosmopolitans cosmopolitism cosponsorship costermongers costivenesses cosurfactants coterminously cotransducing cotransferred cotransported counselorship countenancers countenancing counteracting counteraction counteractive counteragents counterargued counterargues counterattack counterbidden counterblasts counterchange countercharge counterchecks counterclaims counterdemand countereffort counterfeited counterfeiter counterfiring counterforces counterimages countermanded countermelody countermining countermoving counteroffers counterorders counterpicket counterplayer counterpoints counterpoised counterpoises counterposing counterpowers counterraided counterreform countersigned countersniper counterspells counterstains counterstated counterstates counterstream counterstrike counterstroke counterstyles countertenors counterterror counterthreat counterthrust countertrades countertrends countervailed counterweight counterworlds countinghouse courteousness courtlinesses crabbednesses craftsmanlike craftsmanship craftspersons craniometries creaturehoods credentialing credentialism credentialled credibilities creditability credulousness crenellations creolizations crestfallenly criminalities criminalizing criminologies criminologist crisscrossing criticalities crookednesses crossbandings crossbreeding crosscurrents crosscuttings crosshatching crotchetiness crowdednesses cruiserweight crumblinesses crunchinesses cryobiologies cryobiologist cryogenically cryopreserved cryopreserves cryosurgeries cryotherapies cryptanalyses cryptanalysis cryptanalysts cryptanalytic cryptographer cryptographic cryptological cryptologists cryptorchisms cryptozoology crystallinity crystallising crystallizers crystallizing crystalloidal cuckooflowers culpabilities cultishnesses cultivability cunnilinguses cunningnesses curablenesses curarizations curiousnesses currentnesses cursivenesses cursorinesses custodianship customariness customization customshouses cyanoacrylate cyanobacteria cyanoethylate cybernetician cyberneticist cyclicalities cycloaddition cyclodextrins cyclohexanone cycloheximide cycloolefinic cycloparaffin cyclopropanes cyclosporines cylindrically cysticercoids cysticercoses cysticercosis cytochalasins cytochemistry cytogenetical cytologically cytomembranes cytoskeletons cytotaxonomic dactylologies daguerreotype daguerreotypy damageability dandification dangerousness daredevilries darlingnesses dastardliness daunorubicins dauntlessness deactivations deathlessness debilitations decaffeinated decaffeinates decalcomanias decamethonium decapitations decarbonating decarbonation decarbonizers decarbonizing decarboxylase decarboxylate decarburizing decasyllabics decasyllables deceitfulness decelerations decentralized decentralizes deceptiveness decerebrating decerebration dechlorinated dechlorinates decidednesses deciduousness decipherments declaratively declassifying declinational decommissions decompensated decompensates decomposition decompressing decompression deconcentrate deconditioned decongestants decongestions deconsecrated deconsecrates deconstructed deconstructor decontaminate decontrolling decorticating decortication decorticators decrepitating decrepitation decriminalize deductibility deescalations defeasibility defectiveness defenestrated defenestrates defenselessly defensibility defensiveness deferentially defervescence defibrillated defibrillates defibrillator defibrinating defibrination deflagrations deforestation deformalizing deformational degenerations deglaciations deglamorizing degranulation degringolades dehumidifiers dehumidifying dehydrogenase dehydrogenate deinonychuses deionizations delaminations delectability deleteriously deliberations delicatessens deliciousness delightedness delimitations delinquencies deliquescence deliriousness demagnetizers demagnetizing demagogically demagogueries demandingness dematerialize demigoddesses demilitarized demilitarizes demimondaines demineralized demineralizer demineralizes democratizers democratizing demodulations demographical demolishments demolitionist demonizations demonological demonologists demonstrating demonstration demonstrative demonstrators demultiplexer demyelinating demyelination demythologize denationalize denaturalized denaturalizes denaturations dendrological dendrologists deniabilities denominations denominatives denouncements densification densitometers densitometric denticulation denuclearized denuclearizes denunciations deodorization deontological deontologists deoxygenating deoxygenation dependability depersonalize depoliticized depoliticizes depolymerized depolymerizes depopulations deprecatingly deprecatorily depreciations depressurized depressurizes deprogrammers deprogramming deputizations deracinations derealization deregulations derepressions dermabrasions dermatologies dermatologist dermatophytes desacralizing desalinations descriptively desegregating desegregation desensitizers desensitizing desexualizing desiderations desirableness desperateness despoliations despondencies desquamations dessertspoons destabilizing destituteness destructively destructivity desulfurizing desultoriness detachability detectability detectivelike deteriorating deterioration deteriorative determinacies determinantal determinately determination determinative determinators deterministic deterrability dethronements detoxications detribalizing detrimentally detumescences deuteragonist deuteranomaly deuteranopias deuterostomes devastatingly developmental deviationisms deviationists deviousnesses devolutionary devolutionist devotednesses dexamethasone dexterousness diabetologist diagnostician diagonalizing dialectically dialecticians diamagnetisms diametrically diaphaneities diaphragmatic diastereomers diastrophisms diathermanous diazotization dibenzofurans dichotomizing dichotomously dichromatisms dictatorially dictatorships dieffenbachia diencephalons dieselization differentials differentiate differentness diffusenesses diffusionisms diffusionists diffusiveness diffusivities digestibility digitizations digitoxigenin digraphically digressionary dilapidations dilatometries dilettantisms dillydallying dimensionally dimensionless dimerizations diminishments dingleberries dinitrophenol dinucleotides diphenylamine diphthongized diphthongizes dipsomaniacal directionless directivities directorships disaccharides disaccustomed disadvantaged disadvantages disaffections disaffiliated disaffiliates disaffirmance disaggregated disaggregates disagreements disallowances disambiguated disambiguates disappearance disappointing disarticulate disassemblies disassembling disassociated disassociates disburdenment disbursements dischargeable discipleships disciplinable disclamations discographers discographies discoloration discomfitures discomforting discommending discomposures disconcerting disconfirming disconformity disconnecting disconnection discontenting discontinuing discontinuity discontinuous discordancies discourtesies discreditable discreditably discrepancies discretionary discriminable discriminably discriminants discriminated discriminates discriminator disemboweling disembowelled disenchanters disenchanting disencumbered disendowments disengagement disentangling disenthralled disequilibria disfigurement disfranchised disfranchises disfunctional disfurnishing disgracefully disguisements disharmonious disharmonized disharmonizes disheartening disillusioned disincentives disinfectants disinfections disinfestants disinflations disinheriting disinhibiting disinhibition disintegrated disintegrates disintegrator disinterested disinterments disintoxicate disinvestment disjunctively dislodgements dismantlement dismemberment disobediences disobediently disorganizing disorientated disorientates disparagement disparagingly disparateness dispassionate dispensations displacements disposability dispositional dispossessing dispossession dispossessors dispraisingly disproportion disqualifying disquantitied disquantities disquietingly disquisitions disremembered disrespectful disrespecting dissatisfying disseminating dissemination disseminators dissertations disseverances disseverments dissimilarity dissimilating dissimilation dissimilatory dissimilitude dissimulating dissimulation dissimulators dissociations dissoluteness dissymmetries distantnesses distastefully distillations distinctively distinguished distinguishes distractingly distressfully distressingly distributions distrustfully disubstituted ditransitives divarications diversenesses diversionists divertimentos dividednesses doctrinairism documentalist documentarian documentaries documentarily documentarist documentation dodecahedrons dodecaphonies dodecaphonist doggishnesses dogmatization dolefulnesses dollishnesses dolphinfishes doltishnesses domesticating domestication domesticities domiciliating domiciliation domineeringly donnishnesses doppelgangers doubleheaders doublespeaker doubtlessness doughtinesses downheartedly downrightness draftsmanship draftspersons dramatisation dramatization dramaturgical drapabilities dreamlessness drivabilities drunkennesses dryopithecine dualistically dubiousnesses dumbfoundered dumortierites duodecillions duplicitously durablenesses dutifulnesses dynamometries dysfunctional dysmenorrheas dysmenorrheic dyspeptically earnestnesses earthlinesses easygoingness eavesdroppers eavesdropping eccentrically ecclesiastics echolocations econometrists ecophysiology ectoparasites ectoparasitic ecumenicalism ecumenicities editorialists editorialized editorializer editorializes educabilities educationally educationeses educationists effectiveness effectivities effectualness effectuations effervescence efficaciously efflorescence effortfulness eggheadedness egocentricity egomaniacally egotistically egregiousness elaborateness elasmobranchs elderlinesses electioneered electioneerer electricities electrocuting electrocution electrodermal electroformed electrologies electrologist electrolyzing electromagnet electrometers electrophiles electrophilic electrophorus electroplated electroplates electroscopes electroshocks electrostatic electrotypers electrotyping elephantiases elephantiasis eligibilities ellipticities elocutionists elucubrations elusivenesses emancipations emarginations emasculations embarrassable embarrassedly embarrassment embattlements embellishment embezzlements embitterments emblazonments emblematizing embolectomies embolizations embranglement embrittlement embryogeneses embryogenesis embryogenetic embryological embryologists embryonically emotionalisms emotionalists emotionalized emotionalizes emotionlessly emphysematous employability empoisonments empressements emulousnesses enantiomorphs encapsulating encapsulation encephalogram enchantresses encipherments encirclements encompassment encouragement encouragingly encroachments encrustations encumbrancers encyclopaedia encyclopaedic encyclopedias encyclopedism encyclopedist endangerments endlessnesses endocrinology endocytosises endolymphatic endometrioses endometriosis endomorphisms endonucleases endoparasites endoparasitic endopeptidase endoperoxides endopolyploid endoskeletons endosymbionts endosymbioses endosymbiosis endosymbiotic endotheliomas energetically energizations enfeeblements enfranchising enigmatically enjoyableness enlightenment enregistering enshrinements ensorcellment entanglements enterocoelous enterocolitis enterokinases enteropathies enterostomies enteroviruses entertainment enthrallments enthronements entomological entomologists entomophagous entomophilies entomophilous entrancements entrenchments entrepreneurs enumerability enviousnesses environmental enzymatically enzymologists eosinophilias epicureanisms epidemicities epidemiologic epigrammatism epigrammatist epigrammatize epileptically epileptogenic epiphenomenal epiphenomenon epiphytically epistemically epithalamiums epithelialize epitheliomata epizootiology equablenesses equalitarians equalizations equestriennes equidistantly equilibrating equilibration equilibrators equilibratory equilibristic equipollences equipollently equiponderant equipotential equitableness equivalencies equivocalness equivocations erasabilities ergastoplasms ergonomically erodibilities erosivenesses eroticization erroneousness erythroblasts erythromycins escapologists eschatologies essentialisms essentialists essentialized essentializes essentialness establishable establishment estimableness estrangements eternalnesses eternizations ethanolamines etherealities etherealizing etherizations ethicalnesses ethnobotanies ethnobotanist ethnocentrism ethnographers ethnographies ethnohistoric ethnosciences ethylbenzenes etiologically etymologising etymologizing eudaemonistic eugeosyncline euthanatizing evangelically evasivenesses eventualities everlastingly eviscerations evocativeness evolutionisms evolutionists exacerbations exaggeratedly exaggerations examinational exanthematous exasperatedly exasperations exceptionable exceptionably exceptionally excessiveness excitableness excludability exclusionists exclusiveness exclusivities excogitations excommunicate excrescencies excruciations excursionists excursiveness excusableness execrableness executorships exemplariness exemplarities exenterations exercitations exhaustlessly exhibitioners exhibitionism exhibitionist exhilarations existentially exobiological exobiologists exopeptidases exothermicity expandability expansibility expansionisms expansionists expansiveness expansivities expatriations expatriatisms expectational expectorating expectoration expeditionary expeditiously expendability expensiveness experimenters experimenting explanatively explanatorily explantations explicatively exploitations explorational exploratively explosiveness exponentially exportability expostulating expostulation expostulatory expressionism expressionist expropriating expropriation expropriators expurgatorial exquisiteness exsanguinated exsanguinates extemporarily extemporising extemporizers extemporizing extendability extensibility extensionally extensiveness extensometers exteriorising exteriorities exteriorizing exterminating extermination exterminators exterminatory externalising externalities externalizing exteroceptive exteroceptors exterritorial extinguishers extinguishing extortionists extracellular extragalactic extrajudicial extraliterary extraordinary extrapolating extrapolation extrapolative extrapolators extrasystoles extravagances extravagantly extravaganzas extravagating extravasating extravasation extravascular extraversions extremenesses extrinsically extroversions extrudability facetiousness facilitations factionalisms factorization factualnesses facultatively faddishnesses faithlessness fallibilities falsification familiarising familiarities familiarizing fanaticalness fantastically fantasticated fantasticates farcicalities farkleberries fasciculation fascinatingly fascistically fashionmonger fatefulnesses fatheadedness fatuousnesses faultfindings faultlessness faunistically favorableness fearfulnesses feasibilities featherbedded featherbrains featheredging featherheaded featherstitch featherweight feelingnesses felicitations fellmongeries fellmongering fellowshiping fellowshipped feloniousness feminizations fencelessness fenestrations fermentations ferociousness ferricyanides ferrimagnetic ferroconcrete ferrocyanides ferroelectric ferromagnetic ferrosilicons fertilenesses fertilization festivalgoers festivenesses feudalization feuilletonism feuilletonist fianchettoing fiberglassing fiberizations fibrillations fibrinolysins fibrosarcomas fibrovascular fictionalised fictionalises fictionalized fictionalizes fictioneering fictivenesses fidgetinesses fieldstripped filibusterers filibustering filmographies filterability finalizations fingerpicking fingerprinted finicalnesses finickinesses fishabilities fittingnesses flabbergasted flagellantism flagellations flamboyancies flameproofers flameproofing flamethrowers flavoproteins flexibilities flexographies flightinesses flirtatiously flocculations floodlighting floricultural floricultures floristically flourishingly flowchartings flowerinesses fluctuational flugelhornist fluidextracts fluidizations fluorescences fluoridations fluorimetries fluorinations fluorocarbons fluorochromes fluorographic fluorometries fluoroscopies fluoroscoping fluoroscopist fluorouracils fluphenazines flutterboards focalizations folkishnesses followerships foolhardiness foolishnesses foppishnesses foraminiferal foraminiferan foregathering foregrounding foreignnesses foreknowledge foreordaining foreshadowers foreshadowing foreshortened foresightedly forestallment forestaysails forevernesses forgetfulness forgivenesses forgivingness forlornnesses formabilities formaldehydes formalization formidability formulaically formularizers formularizing fortification fortnightlies fortunateness fortuneteller forwardnesses fossiliferous fossilization fountainheads fractionalize fractionating fractionation fractionators fractiousness fragmentarily fragmentating fragmentation fragmentizing frankincenses franticnesses fraternalisms freeheartedly freemasonries freethinkings frequentation frequentative fretfulnesses frighteningly frightfulness frivolousness frontispieces frontogeneses frontogenesis frowardnesses fruitlessness frustratingly fulsomenesses functionalism functionalist functionality functionaries fundamentally fungibilities furazolidones furtivenesses futilitarians futurological futurologists gainfulnesses galactorrheas galactosamine galactosemias galactosidase gallicization gallimaufries gallowglasses galvanization galvanometers galvanometric galvanoscopes gamesmanships gametogeneses gametogenesis garnetiferous garrulousness gaseousnesses gasifications gastrectomies gastrocnemius gastronomical gastronomists gastroscopies gastroscopist gastrulations gawkishnesses gelandesprung gemeinschafts gemutlichkeit generalissimo generalizable genericnesses genitourinary genotypically genteelnesses gentlemanlike gentlepersons genuflections genuinenesses geochemically geochronology geohydrologic geomagnetisms geometrically geometricians geomorphology geophysically geophysicists geopolitician geoscientists geostationary geostrategies geostrategist geotropically geriatricians germanization germinability gerontocratic gerontologies gerontologist gerrymandered gesellschafts gesticulating gesticulation gesticulative gesticulators gesticulatory ghastlinesses ghettoization ghostlinesses gimcrackeries gingerbreaded girlishnesses glaciological glaciologists glamorization glamorousness glaringnesses glassblowings glasspapering gleefulnesses glioblastomas globalization glockenspiels glorification glossographer glossolalists glucuronidase glutethimides glycerinating glycopeptides glycoproteins glycosylating glycosylation gobbledegooks gobbledygooks godlessnesses godlikenesses gonadectomies gonadotrophic gonadotrophin gonadotropins gossipmongers gourmandizing governmentese governorships gracelessness gracilenesses gradationally gradualnesses graminivorous grammatically grandchildren granddaughter grandfathered grandfatherly grandiloquent grandioseness grandiosities grandmotherly grandparental grandstanders grandstanding granodiorites granodioritic grantsmanship granularities granulomatous graphemically graphicnesses graphitizable graphological graphologists gratification gravitational greenbackisms greensickness greenskeepers griseofulvins gristlinesses grossularites grotesqueness grotesqueries grouchinesses groundbreaker groundskeeper growthinesses guanethidines guardednesses guardianships gubernatorial guesstimating guilelessness guiltlessness gullibilities gutlessnesses guttersnipish gymnastically gymnosophists gymnospermies gymnospermous gynaecologies gynandromorph gynecocracies gynecological gynecologists gynecomastias gyrocompasses gyrofrequency habilitations habitableness haggardnesses hagiographers hagiographies hairdressings hairsbreadths hairsplitters hairsplitting halfheartedly hallucinating hallucination hallucinators hallucinatory hallucinogens halogenations handcraftsman handcraftsmen handicrafters handkerchiefs handsbreadths handwringings haphazardness haphazardries haplessnesses happenchances happenstances harbormasters hardstandings harlequinades harmfulnesses harmonization harquebusiers haruspication hasenpfeffers hatefulnesses haughtinesses hawkishnesses hazardousness headquartered headshrinkers healthfulness healthinesses heartbreakers heartbreaking heartburnings heartlessness heartsickness hebraizations hectographing heedfulnesses heinousnesses helicoptering heliographing heliotropisms hellenization hellgrammites hellishnesses helminthiases helminthiasis helminthology helmsmanships helpfulnesses hemacytometer hemagglutinin hematological hematologists hematophagous hematopoieses hematopoiesis hematopoietic hemicellulose hemichordates hemimorphisms hemispherical hemocytometer hemodilutions hemorrhoidals hepatectomies hereditaments hereditarians hermaphrodite hermeneutical herpesviruses herpetologies herpetologist herringboning heterocyclics heterocystous heterogametes heterogametic heterogeneity heterogeneous heterokaryons heteromorphic heterophonies heteropterous heterosexuals heterospories heterosporous heterothallic heterotrophic heterozygoses heterozygosis heterozygotes heuristically hexamethonium hexobarbitals hideousnesses hierarchizing hieroglyphics hilariousness hirsutenesses histaminergic histochemical historicities historicizing hoggishnesses holidaymakers homeomorphism homeothermies homeschoolers homeschooling homestretches hominizations homoeroticism homogeneities homogeneously homoiothermic homologations homologically homomorphisms homopolymeric homoscedastic homosexuality homothallisms honeycreepers honorableness honorifically hopefulnesses horizontality hornswoggling horsefeathers horsemanships horseradishes horsewhippers horsewhipping horticultural horticultures hospitalising hospitalities hospitalizing hotheadedness housebreakers housebreaking housecleaning househusbands housekeepings houselessness housepainters housewarmings housewiferies huckleberries humanitarians humanizations humifications humiliatingly humorlessness hundredweight hurriednesses hurtfulnesses hyaluronidase hybridization hydraulically hydrocephalic hydrocephalus hydrochloride hydrocolloids hydrocrackers hydrocracking hydrodynamics hydroelectric hydrogenating hydrogenation hydrographers hydrographies hydromagnetic hydroperoxide hydroquinones hydrothoraces hydrothoraxes hydrotropisms hydroxylamine hydroxylating hydroxylation hymenopterans hymenopterons hymenopterous hyperactivity hyperacuities hyperarousals hyperbolizing hyperboloidal hypercalcemia hypercalcemic hypercautious hypercritical hyperesthesia hyperesthetic hypereutectic hyperextended hyperfunction hyperglycemia hyperglycemic hyperhidroses hyperhidrosis hyperimmunize hyperinflated hyperkinesias hyperlipemias hypermetrical hypermetropia hypermetropic hypermobility hyperparasite hyperphysical hyperploidies hyperpolarize hyperproducer hyperpyrexias hyperrational hyperreactive hyperreactors hyperrealisms hyperromantic hypersalinity hypersurfaces hypertensions hypertensives hyperthermias hypertonicity hypertrophied hypertrophies hyperurbanism hyperuricemia hypervelocity hypervigilant hypervirulent hypocalcemias hypochlorites hypochondriac hypochondrias hypoeutectoid hypoglycemias hypoglycemics hypopharynges hypopharynxes hypopituitary hyposensitize hypospadiases hypostatizing hypothecating hypothecation hypothecators hypothesizing hypoxanthines hysterotomies ichthyofaunae ichthyofaunal ichthyofaunas ichthyologies ichthyologist iconographers iconographies idealizations identicalness ideogrammatic ideologically idiomatically idiomaticness idiosyncratic ignoblenesses ignominiously illiberalisms illiberalness illiquidities illocutionary illogicalness illuminations illusionistic illustrations illustriously imaginariness imaginatively imagistically imitativeness immanentistic immaterialism immaterialist immateriality immaterialize immediateness immensenesses immigrational immiscibility immoderations immortalising immortalities immortalizers immortalizing immovableness immunizations immunochemist immunogeneses immunogenesis immunogenetic immunological immunologists immunosorbent immunotherapy immutableness impalpability impassability impassibility impassiveness impassivities impeccability impecuniosity impecuniously imperceivable imperceptible imperceptibly impercipience imperfections imperfectives imperfectness imperialistic imperiousness imperishables impermanences impermanently impermissible impermissibly impersonality impersonalize impersonating impersonation impersonators impertinences impertinently imperturbable imperturbably impetuosities impetuousness implacability implantations implicatively impolitically imponderables importunately importunities impossibility impoverishers impoverishing impracticable impracticably impractically impreciseness impregnations impressionism impressionist imprisonments improbability improprieties improvability improvidences improvidently improvisation improvisatore improvisatori improvisators improvisatory impulsiveness impulsivities inactivations inadvertences inadvertently inanimateness inappreciable inappreciably inappropriate inarticulates inattentively inaugurations incalescences incandescence incandescents incantational incapableness incapacitated incapacitates incarcerating incarceration incardination incarnadining incendiarisms incinerations inclinational inclinometers inclusiveness incognizances incombustible incommodities incommunicado incompatibles incompetences incompetently inconceivable inconceivably incongruences incongruently incongruities incongruously inconsecutive inconsequence inconsiderate inconsistence inconsistency inconsonances inconspicuous inconstancies incontestable incontestably incontinences incontinently inconvenience inconveniency inconvertible inconvertibly inconvincible incorporating incorporation incorporative incorporators incorporeally incorrectness incorrigibles incorruptible incorruptibly incorruptions incorruptness incredibility incredulities incredulously incrementally incriminating incrimination incriminatory incrustations incuriosities incuriousness indefatigable indefatigably indehiscences independences independently indescribable indescribably indeterminacy indeterminate indeterminism indeterminist indifferences indifferently indigestibles indiscernible indisciplined indisciplines indiscretions indispensable indispensably indisposition indissociable indissociably indistinctive individualise individualism individualist individuality individualize individuating individuation indoctrinated indoctrinates indoctrinator indomethacins industrialise industrialism industrialist industrialize industriously ineducability ineffableness ineffectively ineffectually inefficacious inefficiently inegalitarian ineligibility inevitability inexactitudes inexactnesses inexhaustible inexhaustibly inexorability inexpediences inexpediently inexpensively inexperienced inexperiences inexplainable inexpressible inexpressibly infallibility infantilities infantilizing infeasibility infectivities inferentially inferiorities infertilities infibulations infiltrations infinitesimal inflammations inflationisms inflationists inflexibility inflorescence influenceable influentially informalities informational informatively informatorily infotainments infraspecific infrequencies infringements infuriatingly infusibleness ingeniousness ingenuousness ingratiations ingrownnesses ingurgitating ingurgitation inhabitancies inhabitations inheritresses inhomogeneity inhomogeneous inhospitality inhumannesses initialnesses injudiciously injuriousness innocuousness inobservances inoffensively inoperculates inopportunely inorganically inosculations inquisitional inquisitively inquisitorial insalubrities insanitations insatiability insatiateness inscriptional inscriptively insectivorous inseminations insensibility insensitively insensitivity insidiousness insignificant insincerities insinuatingly insociability insolubilized insolubilizes insolubleness inspectorates inspectorship inspirational inspiritingly inspissations instabilities installations instantaneity instantaneous instantiating instantiation instantnesses instaurations instillations instinctively instinctually institutional instructional instructively instrumentals instrumenting insubordinate insubstantial insufficiency insufflations insupportable insupportably insurrections insusceptible insusceptibly intangibility integrability integralities integumentary intellections intellectuals intelligencer intelligences intelligently intemperances intemperately intenerations intensenesses intensionally intensiveness intentionally interactional interactively interbehavior interboroughs interbreeding intercalating intercalation intercellular interceptions intercessions interchaining interchangers interchanging intercolonial intercommunal intercompared intercompares interconnects interconverts intercortical intercropping intercrossing intercultural intercultures interdentally interdepended interdictions interdiffused interdiffuses interdigitate interdistrict interdominion interelectron interepidemic interestingly interfamilial interferences interferogram intergalactic interglacials intergrafting intergranular interindustry interinvolved interinvolves interiorising interiorities interiorizing interjections interknitting interlacement interlayering interlinearly interlocutors interlocutory intermarginal intermarriage intermarrying intermeddlers intermeddling intermediated intermediates intermembrane intermetallic intermingling intermissions intermittence intermittency intermixtures intermountain internalising internalities internalizing international interneuronal interobserver interoceptive interoceptors interoperable interpandemic interparticle interpellated interpellates interpellator interpermeate interpersonal interplanting interpleaders interpleading interpolating interpolation interpolative interpolators interposition interpretable interproximal interracially interregional interrelating interrelation interrogatees interrogating interrogation interrogative interrogators interrogatory interruptible interruptions intersections intersegments intersessions intersexually intersocietal interspecific interspersing interspersion interstadials interstimulus interstratify interterminal intertillages intertropical intertwisting interventions interworkings intimidations intoxicatedly intoxications intracellular intracerebral intradermally intragalactic intramuscular intransigeant intransigence intransigents intraocularly intrapersonal intrapreneurs intraspecific intrathecally intrathoracic intravascular intravenouses intravenously intrepidities intricateness intrinsically introductions introgressant introgression introgressive introjections intromissions introspecting introspection introspective introversions intrusiveness intuitionisms intuitionists intuitiveness intumescences intussuscepts invaginations invalidations invariability invectiveness inveiglements inventiveness inventorially invertebrates investigating investigation investigative investigators investigatory inviabilities invidiousness invigilations invigorations invincibility inviolability inviolateness invisibleness invitationals involuntarily iontophoreses iontophoresis iontophoretic ipsilaterally irascibleness irksomenesses ironmongeries irrationalism irrationalist irrationality irreclaimable irreclaimably irrecoverable irrecoverably irrelevancies irreligionist irreligiously irreplaceable irreplaceably irrepressible irrepressibly irresolutions irresponsible irresponsibly irretrievable irretrievably irritableness isoagglutinin isoalloxazine isoantibodies isocarboxazid isochromosome isochronously isoelectronic isolationisms isolationists isomerization isometrically isoprenalines isoproterenol isosmotically isostatically isotonicities italicization jabberwockies jackhammering japonaiseries jealousnesses jitterbugging jitterinesses joblessnesses jointednesses jollification joylessnesses judgmatically judiciousness jurisconsults jurisdictions jurisprudence jurisprudents justification justificative justificatory juvenescences juxtaposition kaffeeklatsch kaleidoscopes kaleidoscopic kapellmeister katzenjammers kindergartens kindergartner kindheartedly kinematically kinesiologies kinnikinnicks kittenishness kleptomaniacs knickerbocker knowingnesses knowledgeable knowledgeably knuckleballer knuckleheaded labanotations labialization laboriousness lackadaisical lactobacillus lactoglobulin laggardnesses lamellibranch landownership languidnesses languishingly languishments laparoscopies laparoscopist laryngectomee laryngologies laryngoscopes lastingnesses laterizations latinizations latitudinally laughableness laughingstock laureateships lawlessnesses learnednesses leatherleaves lecherousness legalizations legislatively legislatorial legitimations legitimatized legitimatizes leishmaniases leishmaniasis leisureliness lengthinesses lepidopterans lepidopterist lepidopterous leprechaunish leptocephalus leptospiroses leptospirosis lethargically letterboxings letterpresses letterspacing lexicographer lexicographic lexicologists liberalnesses liberationist librarianship lichenologies lichenologist lickerishness liebfraumilch lieutenancies lightfastness lightsomeness lignification likablenesses liltingnesses limitednesses limitlessness linearization linebreedings lingonberries linguistician liquefactions lissomenesses listenerships literalnesses lithification lithographers lithographies lithographing lithotripsies lithotripters lithotriptors litigiousness livablenesses liveabilities loathsomeness localizations locksmithings lockstitching logicalnesses logogrammatic lollapaloozas longanimities losablenesses loutishnesses lovablenesses lowerclassman lowerclassmen lucrativeness ludicrousness luminescences lumpishnesses luncheonettes lustfulnesses luteinization luteotrophins luxuriousness lycanthropies lymphadenitis lymphatically lymphoblastic lymphocytoses lymphocytosis lymphographic lymphomatoses lymphomatosis lymphosarcoma lyricalnesses lysolecithins machicolation machinability macroeconomic macroglobulin macromolecule macronutrient mademoiselles magisterially magistratical magistratures magnanimities magnanimously magnetization magnetographs magnetometers magnetometric magnetopauses magnetosphere magnetostatic magnification magnificences magnificently magniloquence mailabilities mainstreaming majoritarians malabsorption malacological malacologists malacostracan maladaptation maladjustment maladminister maladroitness malariologies malariologist malformations malfunctioned maliciousness malnutritions malocclusions maltreatments malversations mammographies manageability manifestation manipulatable manipulations mannishnesses manslaughters mantelshelves manufactories manufacturers manufacturing marchionesses marginalities marginalizing mariculturist marketability marksmanships marlinespikes martyrization martyrologies martyrologist marvelousness masculinising masculinities masculinizing massivenesses masterfulness masterminding mastersingers masterstrokes masticatories mastigophoran mastoidectomy mastoiditides mastoiditises masturbations materfamilias materialising materialistic materialities materializers materializing mathematician mathematizing matriarchates matriculating matriculation matrilineally matrimonially mawkishnesses maxillofacial maximizations meaninglessly measurability mecamylamines mechanization medicamentous mediterranean meetinghouses megakaryocyte megaloblastic megalomaniacs megalopolises megalopolitan megasporangia melancholiacs melanizations melanogeneses melanogenesis mellifluently mellifluously melodiousness melodramatics melodramatise melodramatist melodramatize meltabilities memorableness memorialising memorializing memorizations meningococcal meningococcic meningococcus menstruations mensurability mercantilisms mercantilists mercenariness mercerization merchandisers merchandising merchandizing mercilessness mercurialness meritocracies meritoriously merrythoughts mesencephalic mesencephalon mesotheliomas metabolically metabolizable metacercariae metacercarial metachromatic metafictional metalanguages metalliferous metallization metallography metallophones metallurgical metallurgists metalworkings metamerically metamorphisms metamorphosed metamorphoses metamorphosis metaphosphate metaphysician metasomatisms metastability metastasizing metencephalic metencephalon meteoriticist meteorologies meteorologist methacrylates methaqualones methemoglobin methodologies methodologist methotrexates methoxychlors methylmercury methysergides metronidazole metropolitans metrorrhagias microanalyses microanalysis microanalysts microanalytic microbalances microbiologic microbrewings microcapsules microcassette microcephalic microcircuits microclimates microclimatic microcomputer microcosmoses microcrystals microcultural microcultures microeconomic microelements microfilament microfilariae microfilarial microfilmable microfunguses micrographics micrographing microhabitats microinjected micromanagers micromanaging micronutrient microorganism microparticle microphyllous microphysical micropipettes microplankton microporosity microprograms micropuncture microscopical microscopists microsurgical microswitches microtechnics microtonality microvascular microwaveable middleweights millennialism millennialist millilamberts millionairess milliroentgen mimeographing mindfulnesses mineralizable mineralogical mineralogists minesweepings miniaturistic miniaturizing minicomputers minimizations ministerially ministrations misaddressing misadventures misalignments misallocating misallocation misanthropies misappraisals misapprehends misarticulate misassembling misassumption misattributed misattributes miscalculated miscalculates miscaptioning miscataloging miscegenation miscellaneous miscellanists mischanneling mischannelled mischievously miscibilities misclassified misclassifies misconceivers misconceiving misconception misconducting misconnecting misconnection misconstruing misdemeanants misdescribing misdeveloping misdiagnosing misdirections miseducations misemphasized misemphasizes misemployment miserableness miserlinesses misestimating misestimation misevaluating misevaluation misfunctioned misgovernment misguidedness misidentified misidentifies misimpression misinterprets misknowledges mismanagement misperceiving misperception misplacements mispositioned misprograming misprogrammed mispronounced mispronounces misquotations misreferences misregistered misremembered misrepresents misstatements mistranscribe mistranslated mistranslates mistreatments mistrustfully misunderstand misunderstood mitochondrial mitochondrion mobilizations moderatorship modernisation modernization modifiability modifications mollification molluscicidal molluscicides mollycoddlers mollycoddling momentariness momentousness monarchically monetizations moneygrubbing monoaminergic monochromatic monochromator monochromists monocotyledon monofilaments monogenically monoglyceride monogrammatic monometallism monometallist monomolecular monomorphemic monomorphisms mononucleated mononucleoses mononucleosis monophthongal monopsonistic monorchidisms monosyllables monotonically monstrosities monstrousness monumentality monumentalize moralizations moribundities morphemically morphogeneses morphogenesis morphogenetic morphological morphologists morphometries mortification motorboatings motorcyclists motorizations mountainously mountainsides mountebankery mountebanking mousetrapping mouthbreeders mouthwatering movablenesses mucocutaneous multibarreled multibillions multibranched multibuilding multicellular multichannels multicultural multicurrency multiemployer multifilament multifunction multihospital multimegatons multimegawatt multimetallic multimillions multinational multinucleate multiorgasmic multiparticle multiplicands multipolarity multiregional multispectral multistranded multisyllabic multitalented multitaskings multiterminal multitracking multitrillion multitudinous multivalences multivariable multivitamins mummification mundanenesses municipalized municipalizes murderousness muscularities musicianships musicological musicologists mutagenically mutualization mycetophagous mycobacterial mycobacterium mycologically myelencephala myelofibroses myelofibrosis myelofibrotic myocarditises myoelectrical myrmecologies myrmecologist myrmecophiles mystification mythographers mythographies mythologizers mythologizing mythopoetical myxomatosises nannoplankton naphthylamine narratologies narratologist narrowcasting nasalizations nasopharynges nasopharynxes nationalising nationalistic nationalities nationalizers nationalizing naturalnesses naturopathies naughtinesses nazifications nearsightedly nebulizations necessitarian necessitating necessitation necessitously neckerchieves necrophiliacs necrophilisms needfulnesses needleworkers negligibility negotiability neighborhoods nematological nematologists neoclassicism neoclassicist neoliberalism neonatologies neonatologist neoplasticism neoplasticist nephelometers nephelometric nephrectomies nephrectomize nephrologists nephropathies nervelessness nervousnesses neuraminidase neurasthenias neurasthenics neuroanatomic neuroblastoma neurochemical neurochemists neurofibromas neurohormonal neurohormones neuromuscular neuropeptides neurosciences neurosurgeons neurosurgical neurotoxicity neutralnesses newsmagazines nickeliferous nicotinamides nidifications niggardliness nightclubbers nightclubbing nightmarishly nincompoopery nitrification nitrobenzenes nitroglycerin nitromethanes nitroparaffin noctambulists noisomenesses nomenclatural nomenclatures nonabsorbable nonabsorbents nonabsorptive nonacceptance nonaccredited nonadditivity nonadmissions nonaffiliated nonagenarians nonaggression nonaggressive nonalcoholics nonalignments nonallergenic nonalphabetic nonantibiotic nonappearance nonarchitects nonassociated nonattachment nonattendance nonautomotive nonautonomous nonbehavioral nonbiological nonbiologists nonbroadcasts noncancelable noncandidates noncapitalist noncarcinogen noncellulosic noncharacters nonchauvinist nonchurchgoer nonclassified nonclassrooms noncollectors noncollegiate noncombatants noncommercial noncommitment noncommunists noncomparable noncompatible noncompetitor noncompliance noncomplyings nonconceptual nonconclusion nonconcurrent nonconcurring nonconducting nonconduction nonconductive nonconductors nonconference nonconfidence nonconformers nonconforming nonconformism nonconformist nonconformity nonconjugated nonconnection nonconsensual noncontagious noncontiguous noncontingent noncontinuous noncontrolled noncooperator noncorrodible noncorrodings noncreativity noncultivated noncumulative nondecreasing nondeductible nondeferrable nondegenerate nondegradable nondeliberate nondelinquent nondeliveries nondemocratic nondependents nondepletable nondeposition nonderivative nondetachable nondialyzable nondiapausing nondiffusible nondiplomatic nondisclosure nondiscursive nondispersive nondisruptive noneconomists noneducations noneffectives nonelectrical nonelectronic nonelementary nonemployment nonengagement nonequilibria nonequivalent nonessentials nonesterified nonevaluative nonexecutives nonexistences nonexpendable nonexploitive nonexplosives nonfigurative nonfilterable nonforfeiture nonfunctional nongonococcal nongovernment nongregarious nonhappenings nonhereditary nonhistorical nonhomologous nonhomosexual nonhysterical nonidentities nonimmigrants noninclusions nonincreasing nonincumbents nonindigenous nonindividual nonindustrial noninfectious noninfluences noninsurances nonintegrated nonintoxicant nonirradiated nonirritating nonjudgmental nonlandowners nonleguminous nonlibrarians nonlinguistic nonmainstream nonmanagement nonmanagerial nonmeaningful nonmeasurable nonmechanical nonmembership nonmonetarist nonmonogamous nonmotilities nonmyelinated nonnarratives nonnegotiable nonnumericals nonnutritious nonobservance nonoccurrence nonparametric nonpathogenic nonperformers nonperforming nonperishable nonpermissive nonpersistent nonpetroleums nonphosphates nonphysicians nonpolitician nonpossession nonpracticing nonproductive nonprogrammer nonrandomness nonreciprocal nonrecyclable nonrefillable nonreflecting nonrefundable nonregulation nonresidences nonresistance nonresistants nonrespondent nonresponders nonresponsive nonrestricted nonretractile nonreturnable nonreversible nonscientific nonscientists nonsegregated nonsensically nonsequential nonshrinkable nonsocialists nonspecialist nonstationary nonstructural nonstructured nonsubjective nonsubsidized nonsystematic nontheatrical nontreatments nonuniformity nonuniqueness nonuniversals nonuniversity nonvalidities nonvegetarian nonvocational noradrenaline noradrenalins noradrenergic norethindrone normalization normativeness normotensives normothermias northeasterly northeastward northwesterly northwestward nortriptyline nosologically nostalgically notablenesses notarizations nothingnesses notifications notionalities novelizations noxiousnesses nucleocapsids nucleoplasmic nucleoprotein nucleotidases nullification numerological numerologists nutritionally nutritionists nympholepsies nymphomaniacs objectionable objectionably objectiveness objectivistic objectivities obliquenesses obliterations obliviousness obnoxiousness obnubilations obscurantisms obscurantists obscurenesses observability observational observatories obsessionally obsessiveness obsolescences obsolescently obstetrically obstetricians obstinateness obstructively obtainability obtrusiveness obviousnesses occidentalize oceanographer oceanographic oceanologists ochlocratical octodecillion octogenarians octosyllabics octosyllables odontoblastic odontoglossum odoriferously odorousnesses offensiveness offhandedness officeholders officiousness oleandomycins oleomargarine olfactometers oligopolistic ombudsmanship ominousnesses omnicompetent omnipresences oneiromancies onerousnesses ongoingnesses onomastically onomasticians onomatologies onomatologist onomatopoeias onomatopoetic ontologically onychophorans openabilities openheartedly openmouthedly operabilities operationally operationisms operationists operativeness operosenesses ophthalmology opinionatedly opisthobranch opportuneness opportunistic opportunities oppositionist opprobriously optimisations optimizations optionalities oracularities orchestraters orchestrating orchestration orchestrators orderlinesses organisations organizations organogeneses organogenesis organogenetic orgiastically orientalizing orientational orienteerings originalities originatively orismological ornamentation ornithischian ornithologies ornithologist oropharyngeal orthodontists orthoepically orthogonality orthogonalize orthographies orthopterists orthopteroids oscillational oscillographs oscillography oscilloscopes oscilloscopic ossifications osteomalacias osteomyelitis osteoplasties osteosarcomas ototoxicities outbargaining outdelivering outdistancing outgeneraling outglittering outintriguing outmaneuvered outmanipulate outorganizing outperforming outplacements outpoliticked outpopulating outrebounding outreproduced outreproduces outspokenness outstandingly outstretching outwardnesses ovariectomies overabstracts overabundance overachievers overachieving overadvertise overambitious overamplified overanalyzing overanxieties overarranging overasserting overassertion overassertive overattention overbalancing overbearingly overbejeweled overbleaching overborrowing overbreathing overburdening overcautioned overcivilized overcommitted overconcerned overconfident overconscious overconstruct overconsuming overcorrected overcredulous overdecorated overdecorates overdemanding overdependent overdesigning overdeveloped overdirecting overdiscounts overdiversity overdocuments overdominance overdramatize overeagerness overeducating overeducation overelaborate overembellish overemotional overemphasize overencourage overenergetic overengineers overestimated overestimates overexercised overexercises overexertions overexpanding overexpansion overexplained overexploited overexposures overextending overextension overexuberant overfertilize overfocussing overfulfilled overglamorize overgoverning overharvested overidealized overidealizes overimpressed overimpresses overindulgent overindulging overinflating overinflation overinforming overingenious overingenuity overinsistent overintensity overissuances overlengthens overlordships overmastering overmedicated overmedicates overmodulated overnourished overnourishes overnutrition overoperating overoptimisms overoptimists overorganized overorganizes overornaments overpackaging overpedalling overpersuaded overpersuades overpopulated overpopulates overprescribe overpressures overprocessed overprocesses overproducing overprogramed overpromising overpromoting overprotected overqualified overreactions overregulated overregulates overreliances overreporting overresponded oversaturated oversaturates oversecretion oversensitive overseriously overservicing overshadowing overslaughing overspeculate overspreading overstability overstatement overstimulate overstraining overstressing overstretched overstretches oversubscribe oversupplying oversweetened oversweetness overtalkative overtaxations overtightened overtreatment overutilizing overvaluation overweeningly overweighting overwintering overwithholds overzealously ovipositional ovoviviparous oxaloacetates oxyhemoglobin oystercatcher pacifications packabilities packinghouses paediatrician paedomorphism painfulnesses painstakingly painterliness palatableness paleobiologic paleobotanies paleobotanist paleoecologic paleographers paleographies paleomagnetic paleontologic palindromists palletization palpabilities palynological palynologists pamphleteered pancreozymins pancytopenias panegyrically panleukopenia panoramically pantechnicons pantheistical pantisocratic pantothenates paperhangings papillomatous papovaviruses papyrologists parabolically paradoxically paraesthesias parainfluenza paralanguages parallelogram paralytically paralyzations paramagnetism parameterized parameterizes parametrizing paramountcies paramyxovirus paranormality paraphernalia paraphrasable parasexuality parasitically parasiticidal parasiticides parasitologic parasyntheses parasynthesis parasynthetic parathormones parenthesized parenthesizes parenthetical parfocalities parfocalizing parkinsonisms parliamentary parochialisms parthenocarpy partibilities participating participation participative participators participatory participially particleboard particularise particularism particularist particularity particularize partisanships partitionists pasqueflowers passementerie passionflower passivenesses patentability paterfamilias paternalistic pathogenicity pathognomonic patriarchates patriotically patronization patronizingly paunchinesses peaceableness peacekeepings pearlescences peculiarities pedagogically pedestrianism pediatricians pediculosises peevishnesses pelletization penalizations pendulousness penetrability penetratingly penetrometers penicillamine penicillinase penitentially pennywhistles pensivenesses pentapeptides pentaploidies pentobarbital penultimately penuriousness peppergrasses pepperinesses peptidoglycan peradventures perambulating perambulation perambulators perambulatory percussionist perdurability peregrinating peregrination perfectionism perfectionist perfectnesses performatives perfunctorily perfusionists perichondrium periodicities periodization periodontally periodontists periostitides periostitises perishability perissodactyl peritonitides peritonitises permanentness permanganates permutational perpendicular perpetrations perpetuations perphenazines perseverances perseverating perseveration perseveringly persistencies personalising personalistic personalities personalizing perspectively perspicacious perspicuities perspicuously perspirations pertinacities perturbations pervasiveness pervertedness pestiferously petrifactions petrification petrochemical petrographers petrographies pettifoggings pettishnesses phagocytizing phagocytosing phalansteries phallocentric phanerophytes pharisaically pharmacognosy pharmacologic pharmacopeial pharmacopeias pharmacopoeia pharyngitides phenanthrenes phencyclidine phenmetrazine phenobarbital phenomenalism phenomenalist phenomenology phenothiazine phentolamines phenylalanine phenylephrine philanthropic philharmonics philhellenism philhellenist philistinisms phillumenists philodendrons philosophical philosophised philosophises philosophized philosophizer philosophizes phlebographic phlebotomists phonographers phonographies phosphatidyls phosphatizing phosphaturias phosphokinase phospholipase phospholipids phosphoresced phosphoresces phosphorylase phosphorylate photobiologic photocathodes photochemical photochemists photochromism photocomposed photocomposer photocomposes photocurrents photodetector photoelectric photoelectron photoemission photoemissive photoengraved photoengraver photoengraves photofinisher photogeologic photographers photographies photographing photogravures photoionizing photomontages photonegative photooxidized photooxidizes photoperiodic photopolymers photopositive photoproducts photoreaction photoreceptor photoreducing photostatting photosynthate phototoxicity phototropisms photovoltaics phragmoplasts phrasemakings phrasemongers phraseologies phraseologist phreatophytes phreatophytic phrenological phrenologists phycoerythrin phycomycetous physicalistic physicalities physiognomies physiographer physiographic physiological physiologists physiotherapy physostigmine phytochemical phytochemists phytohormones phytopathogen phytoplankter phytoplankton phytotoxicity pianistically pickerelweeds pictographies pictorialisms pictorialists pictorialized pictorializes pictorialness picturephones picturesquely picturization pidginization pietistically piezoelectric piggishnesses pigheadedness pigmentations pinheadedness pinkishnesses piquantnesses piscicultures piteousnesses pitifulnesses placabilities placentations plaintiveness planetesimals planetologies planetologist planographies plantocracies plasmodesmata plasterboards plastocyanins plastoquinone platitudinize platitudinous platyhelminth plausibleness playabilities playfulnesses playwrighting plenitudinous plenteousness plentifulness pleomorphisms plerocercoids plethysmogram pliablenesses pluralization pneumatically pneumatolytic pneumatophore pneumonectomy pneumonitides pneumonitises pococurantism podsolization podzolization pogonophorans poikilotherms pointednesses pointillistic pointlessness polarimetries polarizations polarographic policyholders poliomyelitis politicalized politicalizes poltrooneries polybutadiene polycarbonate polycentrisms polychotomies polychotomous polychromatic polycistronic polycythemias polydactylies polyembryonic polyethylenes polyglottisms polygraphists polymorphisms polyphonously polypropylene polyribosomal polyribosomes polysyllables polysyndetons polyurethanes pompousnesses ponderousness pontificating pontification pontificators porcelainized porcelainizes porcelainlike porcellaneous pornographers pornographies porphyropsins portabilities possessedness possibilities postbourgeois postclassical postcranially postdebutante postdiluvians postdoctorate postembryonal postembryonic postemergence postemergency postepileptic postfractures postgraduates postholocaust postinaugural postinfection postinjection postisolation postlapsarian postmodernism postmodernist postoperative postponements postpositions postpubescent postrecession postsecondary posttensioned posttraumatic posttreatment postulational postvasectomy potablenesses potentiations potentiometer powerlessness practicalness practitioners pragmatically pragmaticisms pragmaticists pralltrillers praseodymiums praxeological prayerfulness preachinesses preadaptation preadmissions preadolescent preamplifiers preanesthetic preannouncing prebiological precalculuses precancelling precapitalist precautionary precautioning precentorship preceptorials preceptorship precertifying precipitances precipitantly precipitately precipitating precipitation precipitative precipitators precipitously precisenesses precisionists preclearances precognitions precollegiate precombustion precommitment preconceiving preconception preconcerting preconditions preconvention preconviction precopulatory predeliveries predepartures predesignated predesignates predestinated predestinates predestinator predetermined predeterminer predetermines prediabeteses predicatively predigestions predilections predischarged predischarges prednisolones predominances predominantly predominately predominating predomination preeclampsias preemployment preenrollment preexistences preexperiment prefabricated prefabricates preferability prefiguration prefigurative prefigurement preformations preformatting preformulated preformulates preganglionic pregnenolones prehistorians prehistorical preinductions preindustrial preinterviews prejudicially preliminaries preliminarily premarketings prematureness prematurities premeditating premeditation premeditative premeditators premenopausal premillennial premoistening premonitorily prenominating prenomination preoccupation preordainment preordination preparatively preparatorily preponderance preponderancy preponderated preponderates preportioning prepositional prepositively prepossessing prepossession preprocessing preprocessors preproduction preprograming preprogrammed prepubescence prepubescents prepurchasing prequalifying preregistered prerequisites preretirement prerevolution presanctified presbyterates presbyterials prescheduling prescientific prescriptions preselections presentations presentencing presentiments presentnesses preservations preservatives presettlement presidentship presignifying prespecifying presterilized presterilizes prestigiously prestructured prestructures presumptively presweetening pretelevision pretensioning pretentiously pretermission pretermitting preternatural pretournament pretreatments preuniversity prevaricating prevarication prevaricators preventatives prevocational pricklinesses primatologies primatologist primitiveness primitivistic primitivities primogenitors primogeniture principalship prismatically privatdocents privatdozents privatenesses privatization prizefighters prizefighting probabilistic probabilities probationally problematical proboscideans proboscidians procarbazines procathedrals processionals processioning proclamations proconsulates proconsulship procrastinate proctological proctologists procuratorial prodigalities profanenesses professionals professorates professoriate professoriats professorship proficiencies profitability profusenesses progesterones progestogenic prognosticate programmables progressional progressively progressivism progressivist progressivity prohibitively projectionist prolegomenous proleptically proliferating proliferation proliferative prolificacies prolificities prolongations promiscuities promiscuously promotability promotiveness promulgations pronounceable pronouncement pronunciation propaedeutics propagandists propagandized propagandizer propagandizes prophetically prophylactics propinquities propitiations proportionals proportionate proportioning propositional propositioned propoxyphenes proprietaries proprietorial proprioceptor proscriptions prosecutorial proselytising proselytizers proselytizing prosencephala prosopography prosopopoeias prospectively prostacyclins prostaglandin prostatectomy prostatitides prostatitises prostitutions protactiniums protectionism protectionist protectorates protectorship protectresses proteinaceous proteoglycans protestations protogalaxies protohistoric protolanguage protonotaries prototrophies protuberances protuberantly proventriculi provincialism provincialist provinciality provincialize provisionally provocatively proximateness prudishnesses prussianising prussianizing psephological psephologists pseudepigraph pseudoalleles pseudoclassic pseudomonades pseudomorphic pseudoscience psittacosises psychasthenia psychasthenic psychiatrists psychoanalyst psychoanalyze psychobabbler psychobabbles psychobiology psychodynamic psychogeneses psychogenesis psychogenetic psychohistory psychokineses psychokinesis psychokinetic psychological psychologised psychologises psychologisms psychologists psychologized psychologizes psychometrics psychometries psychopathics psychopathies psychophysics psychosomatic psychosurgeon psychosurgery psychotherapy psychotically psychotropics psychrometers psychrometric psychrophilic pteridologies pteridologist pteridophytes pteridosperms puckishnesses pulverization pumpernickels punctiliously punctualities punishability purifications puritanically purposelessly purposiveness pushfulnesses pusillanimity pusillanimous putrefactions pyrheliometer pyridoxamines pyrimethamine pyrocatechols pyrolytically pyromorphites pyrophosphate pyrophyllites pyrotechnical pyrotechnists quadraphonics quadratically quadrennially quadrilateral quadrillionth quadripartite quadriphonics quadriplegias quadriplegics quadrivalents quadrumvirate quadruplicate quadruplicity qualification qualitatively quantitations quantizations quarrelsomely quarterbacked quarterfinals quartermaster quarterstaves quasiparticle quasiperiodic quattrocentos queenlinesses querulousness questionaries questionnaire quincentenary quindecillion quinquennials quinquenniums quintessences quintillionth quintuplicate quotabilities rabbitbrushes racemizations radiationless radicalnesses radioactively radioactivity radiobiologic radiochemical radiochemists radioelements radiographies radiographing radioisotopes radioisotopic radiolabeling radiolabelled radionuclides radiothoriums raffishnesses ramifications randomization rapaciousness rapprochement rapturousness rarefactional ratifications ratiocinating ratiocination ratiocinative ratiocinators rationalising rationalistic rationalities rationalizers rationalizing rattlebrained raucousnesses raunchinesses raylessnesses razzamatazzes reaccelerated reaccelerates reacclimatize reaccrediting reacquainting reacquisition reactionaries reactivations readabilities readjustments reaffirmation reafforesting reaggregating reaggregation realistically reallocations reannexations reappearances reapplication reappointment reapportioned reappropriate rearrangement rearticulated rearticulates reasonability reassemblages reassessments reassignments reassumptions reattachments reattributing reattribution reauthorizing rebarbatively recalcitrance recalcitrancy recalcitrants recalculating recalculation recalibrating recalibration recallability recapitalized recapitalizes recapitulated recapitulates receiverships recentrifuged recentrifuges receptionists receptiveness receptivities recessiveness rechallenging rechannelling rechoreograph rechristening reciprocating reciprocation reciprocative reciprocators reciprocities recirculating recirculation reclassifying reclusiveness recognizances recollections recombination recommendable recommissions recommitments recompilation recomposition recomputation reconcentrate reconceptions reconcilement reconditeness reconditioned reconfiguring reconnections reconnoitered reconnoitring reconsecrated reconsecrates reconsidering reconsolidate reconstituted reconstitutes reconstructed reconstructor recontaminate reconversions reconveyances reconvictions recreationist recriminating recrimination recriminative recriminatory recrudescence recrystallize rectangularly rectification rectilinearly rectitudinous recultivating recuperations recursiveness reddishnesses redecorations rededications redefinitions redemptioners redeployments redescription redetermining redevelopment redintegrated redintegrates rediscounting rediscoveries rediscovering redisposition redistributed redistributes redistricting reductionisms reductionists reductiveness reduplicating reduplication reduplicative reeligibility reembroidered reemphasizing reemployments reencountered reengagements reengineering reenlistments reescalations reestablished reestablishes reevaluations reexamination reexperienced reexperiences reexportation referentially reflectometer reflectometry reflectorized reflectorizes reflexiveness reflexivities reflexologies reforestation reformability reformational reformatories reformulating reformulation refoundations refractometer refractometry refrigerating refrigeration refrigerators refundability refurbishment regardfulness regenerations regimentation regionalistic regionalizing registrations regretfulness regurgitating regurgitation rehabilitants rehabilitated rehabilitates rehabilitator rehospitalize rehypnotizing reidentifying reimbursement reimportation reimpositions reimpressions reincarnating reincarnation reincorporate reindictments reinfestation reinforceable reinforcement reinnervating reinnervation reinoculating reinoculation reinspections reinstatement reinstituting reintegrating reintegration reintegrative reinterpreted reinterviewed reintroducing reinvestigate reinvestments reinvigorated reinvigorates reinvigorator reiteratively rejuvenations rejuvenescent rekeyboarding relandscaping relatednesses relationships relaxednesses reliabilities religiosities religiousness relinquishing relubricating relubrication remanufacture rematerialize remeasurement remediability remembrancers remilitarized remilitarizes reminiscences reminiscently remonstrances remonstrantly remonstrating remonstration remonstrative remonstrators remorselessly remotivations removableness remunerations remythologize renationalize renaturations rencountering rendezvousing renegotiating renegotiation renominations renormalizing renouncements rentabilities renunciations reoccupations reoccurrences reorchestrate reorientating reorientation repairability repatriations repeatability repercussions repetitiously rephotographs replantations replenishable replenishment repletenesses replicability repopularized repopularizes repopulations reportorially reposefulness repositioning repossessions reprehensible reprehensibly reprehensions representable repressionist repressurized repressurizes repristinated repristinates reprivatizing reproachfully reproachingly reproducibles reproductions reproductives reprogramming reprographers reprographics reprographies reprovisioned republicanism republicanize republication repulsiveness repunctuation requisiteness requisitioned reregistering reregulations resectability resegregating resegregation resensitizing resentfulness resettlements residentially resistibility resistiveness resistivities resocializing resolidifying resourcefully respirometers respirometric resplendences resplendently ressentiments restabilizing restauranteur restaurateurs restfulnesses restimulating restimulation restivenesses restrengthens restrictively restructuring resubmissions resurrections resuscitating resuscitation resuscitative resuscitators resynthesized resynthesizes resystematize retentiveness retentivities reticulations reticulocytes retinopathies retinoscopies retirednesses retransferred retransformed retranslating retranslation retransmitted retrenchments retributively retroactively retroactivity retrocessions retrodictions retroflection retroflexions retrogressing retrogression retrogressive retrospecting retrospection retrospective retroversions reunification reupholstered reusabilities reutilization revaccinating revaccination revalidations revegetations reverberantly reverberating reverberation reverberative reverberatory reverentially reversibility revictualling reviviscences revolutionary revolutionise revolutionist revolutionize rhabdomancers rhabdomancies rhabdoviruses rhadamanthine rhapsodically rheologically rheumatically rhinencephala rhinoplasties rhodochrosite rhododendrons rhodomontades rhombohedrons rhythmicities rhythmization ribonucleases righteousness riotousnesses risorgimentos ritualization roadabilities robotizations rockhoundings roentgenogram roentgenology roguishnesses romanizations romanticising romanticizing roundednesses routinization rubberneckers rubbernecking rubicundities rudimentarily ruggedization ruinousnesses rumbustiously rutherfordium ruthfulnesses ruttishnesses saccharifying saccharimeter saccharometer saccharomyces sacerdotalism sacerdotalist sacramentally sacrificially sacrosanctity sadomasochism sadomasochist safecrackings sagaciousness sailboardings saintlinesses salaciousness salesmanships salinizations salmonberries salmonelloses salmonellosis salpingitides salpingitises salutatorians salvationisms sanctimonious sandpaintings sanitizations sansculottish sansculottism saplessnesses saprogenicity sarcastically sarcophaguses sarsaparillas satisfactions saturnalianly scalariformly scandalmonger scapegoatings scapegoatisms scarification scatterations scatterbrains sceneshifters scenographers scenographies schadenfreude schematically schismatizing schistosities schizophrenes schizophrenia schizophrenic scholasticate scholasticism schoolfellows schoolmarmish schoolmasters schoolteacher schussboomers scintigraphic scintillantly scintillating scintillation scintillators sclerenchymas sclerodermata scleroprotein scrappinesses scratchboards scrawninesses screenwriters scrimshanders scriptwriters scruffinesses scrumptiously sculpturesque seasicknesses seasonalities seaworthiness secessionisms secessionists seclusiveness secobarbitals secondariness secretagogues secretaryship secretiveness sectarianisms sectarianized sectarianizes sectionalisms sedimentation sedimentology seditiousness seductiveness segmentations seismographer seismographic seismological seismologists seismometries selectionists selectiveness selectivities selenocentric selenological selenologists selfishnesses semasiologies semiaridities semiautomatic semicivilized semiclassical semiconductor semiconscious semidiameters semiempirical semievergreen semifinalists semilegendary semiliterates semimonthlies semiparasites semiparasitic semipermanent semipermeable semipolitical semiporcelain semireligious semisedentary semisynthetic semitonically sempiternally sensationally senselessness sensibilities sensitisation sensitiveness sensitivities sensitization sensitometers sensitometric sensorineural sententiously sentimentally separableness separationist septentrional sequestrating sequestration serendipities serendipitous serialization sericulturist seriousnesses serodiagnoses serodiagnosis serologically serpiginously serriednesses servilenesses sesquiterpene sexagenarians sexdecillions sexlessnesses sexploitation sextuplicated sextuplicates sexualization shadowinesses shallownesses shamelessness shapelessness shapelinesses sharecroppers sharecropping sharpshooters sharpshooting sheepherdings sheepshearers sheepshearing shellcrackers shepherdesses shiftlessness shipbuildings shortchangers shortchanging shuffleboards shuttlecocked sickishnesses sidesplitting sightlessness sightlinesses sigmoidoscopy signalization significances significantly signification significative silhouettists silverberries silverinesses silvicultural silvicultures sincerenesses singularities singularizing sinlessnesses sinterability sinuousnesses siphonophores siphonosteles situationally sizablenesses skateboarders skateboarding skeletonising skeletonizers skeletonizing sketchinesses skulduggeries slaveholdings slavishnesses sledgehammers sleeplessness slendernesses slipstreaming slouchinesses slumpflations smallholdings snollygosters snowboardings snowmobilings snowmobilists sociabilities socialization sociocultural socioeconomic sociolinguist softheartedly solarizations solderability solemnization solicitations solicitorship solifluctions soliloquising soliloquizers soliloquizing solvabilities somatological somatopleures somatosensory somatostatins somatotrophin somatotropins somersaulting somnambulated somnambulates somnambulisms somnambulists somnifacients songfulnesses sonneteerings sophistically sophisticated sophisticates sorbabilities sorrowfulness soteriologies sottishnesses soulfulnesses soundproofing southeasterly southeastward southernwoods southwesterly southwestward sovereignties sovietization spaghettilike sparkplugging spasmodically speakerphones specialnesses specification specificities spectacularly spectatorship spectinomycin spectrographs spectrography spectrometers spectrometric spectroscopes spectroscopic specularities speculatively speechwriters speedboatings speleological speleologists spermatocytes spermatogenic spermatogonia spermatophore spermatophyte spermatozoans spermatozoids sphygmographs spiegeleisens spinelessness spinsterhoods spiritualisms spiritualists spiritualized spiritualizes spiritualness spiritualties spirochetoses spirochetosis splashinesses splendiferous splenectomies splenectomize splenetically spokesmanship spokespersons spondylitides spondylitises spontaneities spontaneously sporopollenin sportfishings sportscasters sportscasting sportsmanlike sportsmanship sportswriters sportswriting sprachgefuhls spreadability sprightliness springinesses squalidnesses squashinesses squeamishness squeezability squirearchies squishinesses stabilization stablishments staggerbushes standardbreds standardising standardizing standoffishly standpattisms staphylococci starchinesses statelessness statelinesses statesmanlike statesmanship stationmaster statistically statisticians staunchnesses steadfastness steamrollered steeplebushes steeplechaser steeplechases stegosauruses stenographers stenographies stepdaughters stephanotises stepparenting stercoraceous stereographed stereographic stereoisomers stereological stereophonies stereopticons stereoregular stereoscopies stereotypical sterilization sternforemost sternutations steroidogenic stichomythias stichomythies stickhandlers stickhandling stigmasterols stigmatically stiltednesses stipendiaries stockbreeders stockbrokings stockjobbings stoichiometry stoloniferous stonecuttings storyboarding storytellings straightaways straightbreds straightedges straighteners straightening straightlaced straitjackets straitlacedly strangenesses strangleholds strangulating strangulation strategically stratigraphic stratocracies stratocumulus stratospheres stratospheric stratovolcano streakinesses streetwalkers streetwalking strengtheners strengthening strenuosities strenuousness streptococcal streptococcic streptococcus streptokinase streptolysins streptomycete streptomycins stridulations strikebreaker stringcourses stringinesses strobilations stromatolites stromatolitic strontianites strophanthins structuralism structuralist structuralize structuration structureless studiednesses stuntednesses stupefactions stylelessness stylishnesses stylistically stylographies suasivenesses subacidnesses subadolescent suballocation subassemblies subbituminous subcategories subcategorize subclassified subclassifies subclinically subcollection subcollegiate subcommission subcommittees subcomponents subcontinents subcontracted subcontractor subcontraries subcoriaceous subculturally subdebutantes subdepartment subdiscipline subdistricted subemployment suberizations subgeneration subgovernment subindustries subinfeudated subinfeudates subinhibitory subirrigating subirrigation subjectivised subjectivises subjectivisms subjectivists subjectivized subjectivizes sublibrarians sublieutenant sublimenesses subliteracies subliterature submandibular submillimeter suboptimizing subordinately subordinating subordination subordinative subordinators subparagraphs subpopulation subprincipals subreptitious subsatellites subsaturation subscriptions subserviences subserviently subsidization subspecialist subspecialize substanceless substantially substantiated substantiates substantively substantivize substitutable substitutions substructural substructures subterraneous subtilenesses subtilization subtreasuries suburbanising suburbanizing subventionary subversionary subvocalizing sufficiencies suffocatingly suitabilities sulfadiazines sulfanilamide sulfonylureas sulfurousness summabilities summarization summersaulted sumptuousness superableness superabounded superabundant superachiever superactivity superaddition superagencies superannuated superannuates superathletes supercabinets supercalender supercarriers supercautious superchargers supercharging superchurches superclusters supercollider supercolossal supercomputer superconducts supercriminal supercritical supercurrents superdiplomat superelevated superelevates supereminence superencipher superfamilies superfetation superficially superfluidity superfluities superfluously supergraphics superhardened superheroines superhighways superhumanity superimposing superinducing superinfected superintended superiorities superlatively superlobbyist superloyalist superluxuries supermajority supermilitant superminister supernational supernaturals supernormally supernumerary superordinate superorganism superovulated superovulates superpatriots superpersonal superphysical superposition superpowerful superpremiums superrealisms superregional superromantic supersalesman supersalesmen supersaturate superscribing supersensible supersessions superspecials superstardoms superstations superstitions superstitious superstrength supersubtlety supersurgeons supersymmetry superterrific superthriller superventions supervirtuosi supervirtuoso supplantation supplementals supplementary supplementers supplementing supplications suppositional suppositories supranational suprarational supremenesses surgeonfishes surrejoinders surreptitious surveillances survivability survivorships suspensefully sustentations swarthinesses swashbucklers swashbuckling swinishnesses switchbacking switchgrasses swordsmanship sybaritically sycophantisms syllabicating syllabication syllabicities sylvicultures symbiotically symbolization symmetallisms symmetrically sympathectomy sympatholytic sympatrically symphonically symphoniously synaesthesias synarthrodial synchromeshes synchronicity synchronising synchronistic synchronizers synchronizing synchronously synchroscopes syndactylisms synecdochical synecological syntactically synthetically syringomyelia syringomyelic systematising systematizers systematizing systemization tablespoonful tachistoscope taciturnities tactfulnesses talkativeness tangibilities tantalizingly tastelessness tautologously taxonomically teachableness tearfulnesses technicalized technicalizes technobabbles technocracies technological technologists technologized technologizes technophobias tediousnesses teemingnesses telecommuters telecommuting telefacsimile telegrapheses telegraphists telemarketers telemarketing telencephalic telencephalon teleportation teleutospores televangelism televangelist tellurometers temerariously temperamental temperateness tempestuously temporalities temporalizing temporariness temporization tenablenesses tenaciousness tendentiously tenderhearted tenderization tenderometers tenosynovitis tensiometries tentativeness tenuousnesses teratogeneses teratogenesis teratological teratologists tercentennial terephthalate tergiversated tergiversates tergiversator terminational terminatively terminologies terpsichorean terrestrially territorially terrorization tessellations testabilities testosterones tetanizations tetartohedral tetrachloride tetracyclines tetradynamous tetrafluoride tetrahedrally tetrahedrites tetraploidies tetrapyrroles tetrodotoxins thalassaemias thalassocracy thalassocrats thanatologies thanatologist thanklessness thanksgivings thaumaturgies thaumaturgist theatergoings theatricalism theatricality theatricalize thenceforward theocentrisms theologically theophyllines theoretically theoreticians theorizations theriomorphic thermochemist thermocouples thermodynamic thermoelement thermoforming thermographic thermometries thermonuclear thermophilous thermoplastic thermosetting thermospheres thermospheric thermostating thermostatted thermotropism thiabendazole thigmotropism thimblerigged thimblerigger thinkableness thioridazines thirstinesses thoracotomies thoroughbrace thoroughbreds thoroughfares thoroughgoing thoroughworts thoughtlessly thrasonically threadinesses threateningly thriftinesses throatinesses throatlatches thrombokinase throttleholds thunderclouds thundershower thunderstones thunderstorms thunderstrike thunderstroke thunderstruck thymectomized thymectomizes thyroglobulin thyroidectomy thyroiditides thyroiditises thyrotrophins tiddledywinks timberdoodles titillatingly toastmistress tomboyishness tonsillectomy tonsillitides tonsillitises toothbrushing toothsomeness toplessnesses topographical topologically torticollises tortoiseshell totalitarians totipotencies touristically toxicological toxicologists toxoplasmoses toxoplasmosis tracheophytes tracheotomies tractableness tradescantias traditionally traditionless tragicomedies trailbreakers trampolinings trampolinists tranquilities tranquilizers tranquilizing tranquillized tranquillizer tranquillizes transactinide transactional transaminases transatlantic transcendence transcendency transcriptase transcription transcultural transductants transductions transfections transferences transferrable transfiguring transformable transfusional transgressing transgression transgressive transgressors transhumances transistorise transistorize translational transliterate translocating translocation translucences translucently transmembrane transmigrated transmigrates transmigrator transmissible transmissions transmittable transmittance transmountain transmutation transmutative transnational transparences transparently transpersonal transpiercing transpiration transplanters transplanting transportable transposition transshipment transshipping transthoracic transudations transvaluated transvaluates transvestisms transvestites trapezohedron trapshootings traumatically treacherously treasurership tredecillions tremulousness trephinations triamcinolone triangularity triangulating triangulation triaxialities triboelectric tricarboxylic triceratopses trichinosises trichlorphons trichologists trichopterans trichothecene trichromatism tricksinesses trifurcations triggerfishes triglycerides trigonometric triliteralism trimethoprims trinucleotide triphosphates triplications triploblastic trisaccharide trisoctahedra tritheistical triumphalisms triumphalists trolleybusses trophoblastic tropicalizing tropocollagen trothplighted troublemakers troublemaking troubleshoots troublesomely troublousness trustworthily tsutsugamushi tubocurarines tumorigeneses tumorigenesis tunablenesses tunefulnesses turbellarians turbidimeters turbidimetric turbochargers turboelectric typefoundings typicalnesses typifications typographical typologically tyrannosaurus uglifications ultracautious ultracritical ultradistance ultrafamiliar ultrafeminine ultrafiltrate ultraleftisms ultraleftists ultraliberals ultramarathon ultramilitant ultramontanes ultraorthodox ultraphysical ultrapowerful ultraradicals ultrararefied ultrarational ultrarealisms ultrarealists ultrareliable ultrarightist ultraromantic ultraroyalist ultraviolence ultravirility umbelliferous umbilications unaccompanied unaccountable unaccountably unadjudicated unadulterated unadventurous unambiguously unanticipated unapologizing unappealingly unappreciated unarticulated unassertively unassimilable unassimilated unassuageable unawarenesses unbeautifully unbelievingly unbelligerent unboundedness unbowdlerized uncalculating uncanninesses uncapitalized unceremonious uncertainness uncertainties unchallenging uncharismatic unchlorinated uncircumcised uncleanliness uncleannesses uncollectible uncomfortable uncomfortably uncompensated uncompetitive uncomplaining uncomplicated unconceivable unconcernedly unconditional unconditioned unconformable unconformably unconquerable unconquerably unconsciouses unconsciously unconsecrated unconstrained unconstraints unconstricted unconstructed unconsummated uncontainable uncontentious uncooperative uncoordinated uncorrectable uncouthnesses uncustomarily undeliverable underachieved underachiever underachieves underactivity underbudgeted undercarriage undercharging underclassman underclassmen underclothing undercoatings undercounting undercurrents undereducated underemphases underemphasis underemployed underestimate underexposing underexposure underfinanced undergarments undergraduate undergrounder underhandedly underinflated underlayments underpainting underpayments underpinnings underprepared underreacting underreported undersheriffs undershooting understaffing understanding understatedly understeering understrapper understrength understudying undersupplies undersurfaces underutilized underutilizes underwhelming undescribable undeviatingly undiagnosable undialectical undisciplined undiscouraged undisguisedly undissociated undistributed undoctrinaire undutifulness unearthliness unelectrified unembarrassed unembellished unemotionally unemployables unemployments unencouraging unenforceable unenlightened unequivocably unequivocally unestablished unexceptional unexplainable unfalsifiable unfalteringly unfamiliarity unfashionable unfashionably unfeelingness unflinchingly unforeseeable unforgettable unforgettably unforthcoming unfortunately unfriendliest unfulfillable ungentlemanly ungodlinesses ungrammatical unguardedness unhandicapped unhandinesses unhappinesses unhealthiness unhomogenized unideological uniformnesses unimaginative unimpassioned unimpeachable unimpeachably unimplemented unimportances uninformative uninhabitable uninhibitedly uninstructive unintelligent unintentional uninteresting uninterrupted unintimidated unionisations unionizations uniparentally unitarianisms universalisms universalists universalized universalizes universalness unjustifiable unjustifiably unknowability unlikelihoods unluckinesses unmaliciously unmanipulated unmanlinesses unmentionable unmetabolized unmitigatedly unnaturalness unnecessarily unnilpentiums unnilquadiums unobtrusively unorthodoxies unparasitized unpasteurized unperformable unpicturesque unprecedented unpredictable unpredictably unpressurized unpretentious unproblematic unprogressive unpromisingly unpublishable unpunctuality unqualifiedly unquestioning unquietnesses unreadinesses unreasoningly unreclaimable unrecoverable unrelentingly unreliability unreminiscent unremittingly unrepentantly unrepresented unrespectable unrighteously unsalvageable unselectively unselfishness unsensational unsentimental unseriousness unserviceable unsettledness unsettlements unsightliness unsociability unsoundnesses unspecialized unspecifiable unspectacular unsubstantial unsuitability unsupportable unsurpassable unsusceptible unsustainable unsymmetrical unsympathetic unsymptomatic untheoretical unthreatening untraditional untransformed untrustworthy unusualnesses unwarrantable unwarrantably unwholesomely unwillingness unworkability unworldliness upgradability upperclassman upperclassmen uprightnesses uptightnesses uranographies urbanisations urbanizations urbanologists urediniospore urethroscopes uselessnesses vacationlands vacillatingly vacuousnesses valedictorian valedictories valiantnesses valorizations valpolicellas valuationally valuelessness vandalization vaporizations variabilities variationally variousnesses vascularities vasectomizing vasodilations vaticinations vaudevillians vegetarianism velarizations vendibilities venerableness venipunctures ventriloquial ventriloquies ventriloquism ventriloquist ventriloquize ventrolateral venturesomely venturousness veraciousness verbalization verbigeration verbosenesses verifiability verifications verisimilarly veritableness vermiculation vernacularism vernalization versatileness versatilities versification verticalities vertiginously vesiculations veterinarians vexatiousness vexillologies vexillologist vibraharpists vibraphonists vibrationless vicariousness vicegerencies viceroyalties viciousnesses victimization victimologies victimologist videocassette videographers videographies vigintillions vilifications vinifications violabilities violoncellist virologically viscosimeters viscosimetric viscountesses viscousnesses visiblenesses visionariness visualization vitalizations viticulturist vitrification vituperations vivaciousness vivifications vivisectional vocalizations vocationalism vocationalist vociferations voguishnesses voicelessness volatilizable volcanicities volcanologies volcanologist volublenesses voluntariness voluntaristic voluntaryisms voluntaryists volunteerisms voraciousness vouchsafement vulcanicities vulcanisation vulcanization vulcanologies vulcanologist vulgarization vulnerability wafflestomper waggishnesses wainscottings wakefulnesses walkingsticks wallydraigles warmongerings washabilities waspishnesses watercolorist waterflooding waterfowlings waterlessness watermanships waterproofers waterproofing waterthrushes waywardnesses wealthinesses wearabilities wearisomeness weatherboards weathercaster weatherperson weatherproofs weightinesses weightlifters weightlifting weisenheimers welcomenesses welterweights weltschmerzes wettabilities wheelbarrowed whigmaleeries whimsicalness whippoorwills whipstitching whistleblower whitewashings whithersoever wholesomeness willfulnesses willingnesses wimpishnesses winsomenesses winterberries winterization wishfulnesses wistfulnesses witenagemotes withdrawnness witlessnesses woebegoneness wolfishnesses wollastonites womanlinesses wonderfulness woolgatherers woolgathering workabilities worldlinesses worrisomeness worthlessness wrongheadedly xenodiagnoses xenodiagnosis xerophthalmia xerophthalmic xylographical yellowhammers yellowthroats zealousnesses zestfulnesses zombification zoogeographer zoogeographic zooplanktonic zoosporangium zooxanthellae zygodactylous
Alexandru Dimca has written: 'Topics on real and complex singularities' -- subject(s): Singularities (Mathematics)
J. W. Bruce has written: 'Curves and singularities' -- subject(s): Curves, Singularities (Mathematics)
anything which is single in number are singular.
J. Seade has written: 'On the topology of isolated singularities in analytic spaces' -- subject(s): Algebraic Geometry, Analytic spaces, Singularities (Mathematics), Topology
Zohar Yosibash has written: 'Singularities in elliptic boundary value problems and elasticity and their connection with failure initiation' -- subject(s): Boundary value problems, Singularities (Mathematics)
Stephen Shing-Toung Yau has written: 'Classification of Jacobian ideals invariant by sl(2, C) actions' -- subject(s): Ideals (Algebra), Lie algebras, Polynomials, Singularities (Mathematics) 'Gorenstein quotient singularities in dimension three' -- subject(s): Finite groups, Invariants, Singularities (Mathematics)
they havent been discovered yet its a theor y
A singularity is a situation in which a certain mass (usually a large mass) is concentrated in ZERO volume, resulting in an infinite density. This can happen, in certain theories, for black holes, and as the initial conditions of the Big Bang. Physicists generally believe that such singularities don't really exist, and that, if singularities to appear in some formula, they represent a failure of the corresponding theory at extreme conditions.
Pericles S. Theocaris has written: 'Singularities at the vertices of bi-wedges' -- subject(s): Singularities (Mathematics), Strains and stresses, Wedges 'Matrix theory of photoelasticity' -- subject(s): Photoelasticity
Both black hole and Big Bang singularities are points of infinite density and mass where known physical laws break down. They are both areas where gravity is extremely strong, leading to intense curvature of spacetime. Additionally, our current understanding of physics is unable to fully describe or predict the behavior of matter and energy within these singularities.
You find the singularities of the expression.
Hampton N. Shirer has written: 'Mathematical structure of the singularities at the transitions between steady states in hydrodynamic systems' -- subject(s): Hydrodynamics, Stability, Bifurcation theory, Catastrophes (Mathematics), Turbulence, Singularities (Mathematics)