They are both very good forms of research the main difference is the method in which the research is carried. In quantitative research there are more statistics involved. Everything is more mathematical in a sense, you're focused on the quantity. In qualitative research there is a focused on the quality of the work the questioning as to why things happen.
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No. qualitative is the research method.
yes
Qualitative research involves analysis of data such as words (e.g., from interviews), pictures (e.g., video), or objects (e.g., an artifact). Quantitative research involves analysis of numerical data.
Qualitative research is generally based on different paradigms (pozitivist, post-pozitivist, constructivist etc.) but Quantitative research is generally based on pozitivism (or newer version of it is post -pozitivizm, for example critical realism).
The main difference between qualitative and quantitative research/observations are the purposes of the observations. Qualitative research uses a small number of cases to determine the underlying reasons and motivations of an action. Quantitative research uses a large number of cases to create a generalized result.