the difference is just that non-probability sampling does not involve random selection, but probability sampling does.
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In (Simple) random sampling, all of the units in the sample have the same chance of being included in the sample. Units are selected randomly from a population by some random method that gives equal probability to each element. In stratified random sampling, the entire population is divided into heterogeneous sub-popuation known as strata (sub-population with unequal variances) and a random sample is chosen from each of these stratum. The reason when to use which depends on the situation and need of the experimenter.
A census would get data from 100% of the population (or at least close to 100%). Sampling would be to get data from some of the population (much less than 100%).
Simple!
The main difference between the quota and stratified sampling is that in the stratified sampling the researcher can not select the individuals to be included in the sample (he doesn't have control over who will be in the simple), but in the quota sampling the researcher has control over who will be in the sample (he can contact certain people and include them in the sample).
In a stratified sample, the sampling proportion is the same for each stratum. In a random sample it should be but, due to randomness, need not be.
Random sampling is picking a subject at random. Systematic sampling is using a pattern to pick subjects, I.e. picking every third person.
Sampling error leads to random error. Sampling bias leads to systematic error.
The difference between convenience and incidental sampling is that convenience sampling chooses the easiest people to reach when a sampling is done, whereas incidental sampling is done at random.
Basically in a stratified sampling procedure, the population is first partitioned into disjoint classes (the strata) which together are exhaustive. Thus each population element should be within one and only one stratum. Then a simple random sample is taken from each stratum, the sampling effort may either be a proportional allocation (each simple random sample would contain an amount of variates from a stratum which is proportional to the size of that stratum) or according to optimal allocation, where the target is to have a final sample with the minimum variabilty possible. The main difference between stratified and cluster sampling is that in stratified sampling all the strata need to be sampled. In cluster sampling one proceeds by first selecting a number of clusters at random and then sampling each cluster or conduct a census of each cluster. But usually not all clusters would be included.
Basically in a stratified sampling procedure, the population is first partitioned into disjoint classes (the strata) which together are exhaustive. Thus each population element should be within one and only one stratum. Then a simple random sample is taken from each stratum, the sampling effort may either be a proportional allocation (each simple random sample would contain an amount of variates from a stratum which is proportional to the size of that stratum) or according to optimal allocation, where the target is to have a final sample with the minimum variabilty possible. The main difference between stratified and cluster sampling is that in stratified sampling all the strata need to be sampled. In cluster sampling one proceeds by first selecting a number of clusters at random and then sampling each cluster or conduct a census of each cluster. But usually not all clusters would be included.
1. Simple Random Sampling (SRS) - For SRS, every element has an equal probability of being chosen. In fact, any pair, triplet, and so on of elements have an equal chance of random selection. Sometimes, SRS can have problems because the randomness of the sample does not represent the population. For example, a SRS of one hundred people will likely produce about fifty men and fifty women, but it's also possible that there will only be ten men and ninety women selected due to natural sampling variation. 2. Systematic Sampling - For this type of sampling, every nth element is sampled. For example, if names were to be sampled through systematic sampling, every tenth name would be picked from the telephone book. However, this type of sampling may result in an unrepresentative sample of the population. 3. Stratified Sampling - When a population has certain categories, samples can be purposely collected from each strata (category). For example, there may be different strata for age groups if the person sampling is interested in variations between differences in age. One problem with stratified sampling is that it requires a more expensive cost than simple random sampling or systematic sampling. 4. Convenience Sampling - This type of sampling involves drawing the easiest samples to reach from the population. This may include surveying customers outside of a grocery store. Because the sample is limited to a certain time/day, it is unrepresentative of the entire population.
acrobat
the difference is just that non-probability sampling does not involve random selection, but probability sampling does.
In pam dc shift is present which will not present in natural sampling.
Standard error is random error, represented by a standard deviation. Sampling error is systematic error, represented by a bias in the mean.