... is called a Great Circle arc.
It is simply called the distance between the two points - simple as that. How that distance is measured will depend on the nature of the surface on which the two points are located as well as on the metric for measuring distance that is defined on that space.The common metric in Euclidean space is the Pythagorean distance while on the surface of a sphere (like the Earth, for example), distances are measured along the great arc.
Because the earth is round and the bottom of the earth is smaller than the middle of earth such as the equator
A compass
No, the centre of the Earth is called the Earth's core.
axis
Southern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
The earth is round, due to gravity, so there are no flat bits at the top and bottom.
Latitude
There is one single point in the Earth's orbit where it is closest to the sun. That point is called the "perihelion".
The top of the Earth is marked by the North Pole, while the bottom is marked by the South Pole. These points are located at the ends of Earth's axis of rotation, where the lines of longitude converge.
The half of the Earth that includes all points whose latitudes are northof the equator is called the northern Hemisphere.The half of the Earth that includes all points whose latitudes are southof the equator is called the southern Hemisphere.The half of the Earth that includes all points from the Prime Meridian westto 180° longitude is called the western Hemisphere.The half of the Earth that includes all points from the Prime Meridian eastto 180° longitude is called the eastern Hemisphere.
The bottom. Seriously, the Inner Core.
The bottom half of the Earth is called the Southern Hemisphere. This includes continents and countries such as Australia, Antarctica, South America, Africa, and parts of Asia. It is the region south of the equator.
The icy areas at the top and bottom of the Earth are called the Arctic (at the North Pole) and the Antarctic (at the South Pole).
Everest is not the highest point on Earth in relationship to it's center. In terms of the point farthest away from the centre of the Earth, Chimborazoin Ecuador (6,267m (20,561ft)) can be considered the planet's most extreme high point. This is due to the Earth's oblate spheroidshape, with points near the Equator being farther out from the centre than those at the poles.